Bede

Japanese: ベーデ（英語表記）Bede

A type of direct tax levied in all German states from around the 12th century. In Middle High German it was called Bitte, and also called Schatz or Schoss. Unlike manorial rent, it was levied by the feudal lord at any time based on his official sovereignty, and was mainly levied on all peasants and citizens within the state. Nobles were initially exempt, but from the 15th century onwards the Bede gradually came to be imposed on the property of nobles. It was roughly equivalent to the French taille, and was abolished in the 19th century with the establishment of modern taxation.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

12世紀頃から，ドイツのすべての領邦で取立てられた一種の直接税。中高ドイツ語ではビッテといい，ほかにシャッツ，ショースなどの異名もある。荘園領主の地代とは異なり，領邦君主が公的支配権に基づいて随時徴収するもので，その対象はおもに領邦内のあらゆる農民と市民。貴族は最初免除されていたが，15世紀以来，次第にベーデが貴族の財産にもかけられるようになった。ほぼフランスのタイユに相当するもので，19世紀以降，近代的税制の確立とともに廃止された。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Betty - Betty (English spelling) Mongo Beti

>>: Vellore (English spelling)