A peasant rebellion broke out in the Virginia colony in 1676. Led by N. Bacon (1647-76), the planters and farmers of the new settlement in Virginia were dissatisfied with Governor W. Berkeley's long closure of the assembly, his arbitrary dictatorship, the government of the privileged planters (large farmers) in the coastal areas, the monopoly of the fur trade, and especially the neglect of frontier defense. They rose up in response to conflicts with the Native Americans. They organized an army to suppress the Indians without permission, then advanced on the capital, Jamestown, and occupied it, expelling the governor and temporarily ruling Virginia. However, the rebellion was soon put down by the governor's army due to Bacon's sudden death and internal conflicts among the rebels. As a result, Berkeley was recalled to his home country and regular assembly meetings were held, ending the minority rule of the privileged planters of the Berkeley faction and establishing rule by the entire planter class. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1676年アメリカのバージニア植民地で起った農民反乱。 N.ベーコン (1647~76) を指導者とするバージニアの新開拓地のプランターや農民は,総督 W.バークリーの長期間にわたる議会の閉鎖,恣意的な独裁政治,海岸地方の特権プランター (大農場主) による政治と毛皮交易の独占,特にフロンティア防衛の放置などを不満として,先住民族インディアンとの紛争を機に立上がった。彼らはインディアン討伐軍を無断で組織してインディアンを制圧し,次いで首都ジェームズタウンに向って進撃してこれを占領し,総督を追放して一時バージニアを支配した。しかしまもなくベーコンの急死,反乱者内部の抗争などによって反乱は総督軍により鎮圧された。この結果,バークリーの本国への召還,定期的議会の開催によって,バークリー派の特権プランターの少数支配も終り,プランター階級全体による支配が確立された。
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