…The Supreme Court under Chief Justice J. Marshall held that the charter that established the university was a contract between the donors at the time of the university's establishment, the university's trustees, and the King, and that any change to its contents by state law was invalid because it constituted a "law impairing contractual obligations" prohibited by the United States Constitution. This case was a representative precedent that stated the principle that once a corporation is established, it is not subject to interference from state legislatures, based on the so-called "contract clause." However, the Supreme Court under the next Chief Justice, R.B. Taney (in office 1836-64), would limit the application of this principle. … *Some terminology explanations that mention "contract clause" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…首席裁判官J.マーシャルのもとでの最高裁判所は,大学を設立した特許状は,大学設立時の寄付者,大学の理事および国王を当事者とする契約の性質をもつものであり,州の法律でその内容を変更することは,合衆国憲法の禁ずる〈契約上の債権債務関係を害する法律〉に該当し,無効であるとした。本件は,このいわゆる〈契約条項contract clause〉を基礎に,法人形態による企業がいったん設立された後は,州議会の干渉を受けないとする原理を述べた代表的判例である。もっとも,次の首席裁判官R.B.トーニー(在職1836‐64)の時期の最高裁判所は,この原理の適用を制限していくことになる。… ※「contract clause」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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