Five principles for peace

Japanese: 平和五原則 - へいわごげんそく（英語表記）five principles for peace

The principles were first internationally articulated in the "Agreement on Commerce and Communications Between the Tibetan Region of China and India of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India" of April 29, 1954. It consists of five points: (1) mutual respect for territory and sovereignty (later mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity), (2) mutual non-aggression, (3) non-interference in each other's internal affairs, (4) equality and mutual benefit, and (5) peaceful coexistence. On June 28, Premiers Zhou Enlai and Nehru issued the Sino-Indian Joint Communiqué, reaffirming that the Five Principles would be the guiding principles for relations between the two countries, and also pointing out that applying the five principles to relations with other countries would help create a peaceful region and reduce the possibility of war. The Five Principles are noteworthy because, first, they were not proclaimed by the oppressive nations that divided and dominated other nations while preaching these principles, but by nations that had been oppressed as colonies and dependent nations for many years, and second, in the context of the Cold War at the time, they aimed to ease the Cold War and establish a region of peace. Therefore, they were welcomed by nations that rejected the Cold War and wanted to ease tensions, but not by the U.S. government and its allies. These principles were subsequently supported mainly by Asian nations, and were confirmed in the joint statement of Burmese Prime Minister U Nu and Premier Zhou Enlai on June 29, and in the joint statement of Burmese Prime Minister Nehru and President Ho Chi Minh of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in October. At the first Asian-African Conference held in Bandung in April 1955, ten principles were adopted that embodied the Five Principles, and gradually developed into global principles that concretely defined peaceful coexistence among nations. The U.S.-China Joint Communiqué (→Shanghai Communiqué), issued during U.S. President R. Nixon's visit to China in February 1972, also recognized the Five Principles of Peaceful Interaction, and the Japan-China Joint Communiqué of September confirmed that these principles would apply between the two countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1954年4月 29日の「中華人民共和国とインド共和国の中国チベット地方とインドの間の通商，交通に関する協定」において初めて国際的に明示された原則。 (1) 領土，主権の相互尊重 (のちに主権および領土保全の相互尊重) ，(2) 相互不可侵，(3) 相互の内政不干渉，(4) 平等互恵，(5) 平和共存，の5項目から成る。6月 28日周恩来首相とネルー首相は中国＝インド共同声明を発表し，平和五原則を両国間の関係を導く原則とすることを再確認するとともに，それだけにとどまらず，この五原則を他の国々との関係にも適用すれば平和地域をつくるのに役立ち，戦争の可能性を少くすることが可能であることなどを指摘した。五原則が注目される点は，第一に，これらの原則を唱えながら他国を分割，支配してきた抑圧国の側からではなくて，長年の間植民地，従属国として抑圧されてきた国々によって声明されたことであり，第二に，当時の冷戦状況のなかで，冷戦の緩和と平和地域の確立を目指したことである。したがって，冷戦を否定し緊張緩和を望む諸国民には歓迎されたが，アメリカ政府およびその同盟者には歓迎されなかった。この原則はその後，主としてアジア諸国によって支持され，6月 29日ビルマのウー・ヌ首相と周恩来首相の共同声明，10月ネルー首相とベトナム民主共和国のホー・チ・ミン大統領の共同声明でも確認され，55年4月バンドンで開かれた第1回アジア＝アフリカ会議では平和五原則を具体化した十原則が採択され，次第に諸国家間の平和共存を具体的に規定する世界的原則に発展していった。 72年2月アメリカの R.ニクソン大統領の訪中の際発表された米中共同声明 (→上海コミュニケ ) でも，平和五原則を認め合い，9月の日中共同声明でも，この原則を両国間に適用することを確認した。

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