Fumihiko Otsuki

Japanese linguist. Born in Edo as the third son of Confucian scholar Otsuki Bankei. Younger brother of Joden. Studied at Kaiseisho, Sendai Domain Yokendo, Sansha Academy, etc. In 1872 (Meiji 5), he became an eighth-class official at the Ministry of Education and edited an English-Japanese dictionary. He later served as the principal of Miyagi Normal School, an official at the Ministry of Education, and also served as a member of the National Language Research Committee. His Genkai, published in 1891, was widely used as a general dictionary of the Japanese language, referring to Webster's and Hepburn's dictionaries and covering the pronunciation, classification, etymology, definitions, and sources of each word (later expanded to become Daigenkai). He also revised the "Grammar Guide" at the beginning of the book and published the "Kokunihon Grammar" and "Kokunihon Betsuki" in 1897. These grammar books, which combined Japanese and Western elements, formed the basis of grammar studies and had a wide influence on school grammar. He also opened up new avenues in colloquial language research, such as by participating in the editing of the National Language Research Committee's "Kougoho" and "Kougoho Betsuki."

[Tosaku Furuta October 19, 2018]

"Japanese Language and Literature" in Commemoration of Doctors Otsuki and Oya (July 1928 issue, Shibundo)" ▽ "Furuta Tosaku, "The Life of Otsuki Fumihiko" (included in "Gumpo" May 1969 issue - March 1971 issue, Meiji Shoin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国語学者。儒者大槻磐渓(ばんけい)の三男として江戸に生まれる。如電(じょでん)の弟。開成所、仙台藩養賢堂、三叉(さんしゃ)学舎などに学んだ。1872年（明治5）文部省八等出仕、英和辞書の編集にあたり、その後宮城師範学校校長、文部省御用掛などを歴任し、そのほか国語調査委員会委員などをも務めた。1891年刊行完成の『言海』は、ウェブスターやヘボンの辞書を参照し、各語の発音、語の類別や語源、語釈、出典にわたって記したもので、国語の普通辞書として広く用いられた（のちに増補されて『大言海』になる）。また、その巻頭に付した「語法指南」に改訂を加えて1897年『広日本文典』『広日本別記』を刊行したが、これは和洋の折衷文典として、文法学の基礎をなし、学校文法にも広く影響を与えた。このほか、国語調査委員会の『口語法』『口語法別記』の編集にもかかわるなど、口語研究にも新しい面を開いた。

［古田東朔　2018年10月19日］

『『国語と国文学』大槻大矢両博士記念（1928年7月号・至文堂）』▽『古田東朔「大槻文彦伝」（『文法』1969年5月号～1971年3月号所収・明治書院）』

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