British diplomat and inventor of the Wade System. After graduating from Cambridge University, he joined the army and served as a lieutenant in the Opium Wars. After the war ended, he retired and served as an interpreter in Hong Kong. He served as vice-consul in Shanghai in 1852, first commissioner of customs in Shanghai in 1854, and Chinese language secretary to the trade inspector in Hong Kong in 1855. During the peace negotiations for the Arrow War in 1858, he accompanied British plenipotentiary Elgin to Tianjin and was in charge of the actual negotiations. He worked at the British Embassy in Beijing from 1861 to 1871, and was appointed minister from 1871 to 1883. In 1876, he negotiated with Li Hongzhang to settle the Yunnan issue (the murder of Margari) and concluded the Treaty of Chifu. After returning to China, he became the first professor of Chinese at Cambridge University in 1888, and donated to the university the collection of books he had collected during his time in China. He invented the Wade System, a system of writing Chinese in romanized characters, and used it to write an introductory book on Chinese, Hu Yan Zi Ni Ji Shu (1867). [Kikuko Nishikawa June 19, 2018] [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの外交官、ウェード式ローマ字の考案者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後、陸軍に入り、中尉としてアヘン戦争に従軍。戦争終結後は退役して香港(ホンコン)で通訳官を務めた。1852年上海(シャンハイ)副領事、1854年上海の海関(かいかん)の初代税務司、1855年香港の貿易監督官の漢文秘書官などを歴任。1858年アロー戦争の講和交渉に際し、イギリス全権エルギンに随行して天津(てんしん/ティエンチン)へ赴き、実際の交渉を担当した。1861~1871年北京(ペキン)のイギリス公使館に勤務、1871~1883年公使に任命され、1876年、雲南問題(マーガリ殺害事件)処理のため李鴻章(りこうしょう)と交渉して芝罘(チーフ)条約を結んだ。帰国後の1888年、ケンブリッジ大学の初代中国語教授となり、中国勤務中に収集した書籍のコレクションを同大学に寄贈した。中国語のローマ字による表記法(ウェード式ローマ字)を考案し、これを用いて中国語の入門書『語言自邇(じじ)集』(1867)を著した。 [西川喜久子 2018年6月19日] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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