A time determined based on the movement of a virtual sun, which is assumed to move at a constant speed in the sky. The time was determined by measuring the time between the sun's noon on one day (when the sun is due south) and its noon on the next day, and calling that one solar day (24 hours). This time determined by the movement of the sun is called apparent solar time. However, because the Earth's orbit is not a circle but an ellipse, and the Earth's axis of rotation is tilted about 23.4 degrees from the orbital plane, the speed at which the sun moves across the celestial sphere varies depending on the season. As a result, the length of a day changes depending on the season in apparent solar time, which is inconvenient in real life. Therefore, the time based on the virtual sun, which moves at a constant speed in the sky, is used as mean solar time. The switch from apparent solar time to mean solar time began in the mid-18th century. In Japan, it was in 1880 (Meiji 13). The difference between mean solar time and apparent solar time is called the equation of time, and can be off by up to 16 minutes. This means that when it is noon in mean solar time, the sun may actually be east of due south (late) or west of due south (early). [Editorial Department] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
天空を一定の速度で運動すると仮定した仮想の太陽の動きに基づいて決められた時刻。時刻は太陽がある日の南中(太陽が真南にくる時)から次の日の南中までの間の時間を測定し、それを1太陽日(24時間)とするように決められた。この太陽の動きにより決められる時刻を視太陽時とよぶ。しかし地球の公転軌道が円ではなく楕円(だえん)であり、地球の自転軸が公転面から約23.4度傾いていることなどから、季節により天球上を太陽の動く速度が異なる。そのため、視太陽時では季節により1日の長さが変化するので実生活で不便をきたす。そこで天空を一定速度で運動する仮想太陽による時刻を平均太陽時として利用した。視太陽時から平均太陽時へのきりかえは18世紀中ごろから始まった。日本では1880年(明治13)。平均太陽時と視太陽時の差を均時差とよび、最大16分もずれることもある。つまり平均太陽時で正午の時、実際の太陽が真南より東にある(遅れている)場合や西にある(進んでいる)場合があることになる。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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