In the Edo period, the Shogunate issued a law restricting farmers from dividing up their farmland into smaller parcels of land. Many feudal domains also issued similar restrictive orders. The first Shogunate law with a confirmed date was issued in June 1673 (Kanbun 13), with the purpose of preventing divided inheritance from increasing the number of small farms and hindering farmers' ability to pay taxes. Prior to this, in the early Edo period, the Shogunate's agricultural policy was centered on increasing and maintaining small farms. For this reason, until the mid-17th century, divided inheritance was officially recognized, as seen in the "Keian Land Survey Articles." The Land Division Restriction Order was nothing but a shift in this traditional policy of controlling farmers. The content of the Land Division Restriction Order differed slightly depending on the era in which it was issued, but its main purpose was to prevent the increase in small farms with a land value of less than 10 koku (1 chobu of cultivated land = about 1 hectare). [Hiromi Sone] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
江戸時代、農民による田畑の分割相続を制限するため、幕府が出した法令。諸藩の多くも、これに準じた制限令を発した。分割相続によって零細な小経営が増加し、農民の年貢負担能力が阻害されることを防ぐ目的をもって、幕府法令としては、1673年(寛文13)6月に発令されたのが、現在年月日を確認できる最初のものである。これに先だつ江戸初期において、幕府農政の基調は小農民経営の増大と維持にあった。そのため17世紀なかばごろまでは「慶安(けいあん)検地条目」にみられるごとく分割相続も公認してきた。分地制限令は、このような従来の農民支配政策の転換を示すものにほかならない。分地制限令の内容は、それが発せられた時代によって若干の差異がみられるが、主眼は石高(こくだか)10石(耕地1町歩=約1ヘクタール)以下の小規模経営が増大するのを防ぐことにあった。 [曽根ひろみ] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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