Continent degree - Tairikudo

Japanese: 大陸度 - たいりくど
Continent degree - Tairikudo

An index that quantitatively expresses the degree of continental climate. Generally, the further from the coast one is into the continent, the greater this value, but the influence of the continent varies from place to place and is actually manifested in the temperature, precipitation, and air pressure of an area. The greater the daily and annual ranges of temperature, and the greater the daily and annual changes in precipitation, the greater the continental degree. There are temperature continental degrees and precipitation continental degrees. W. Zenker of Germany used the quotient A obtained by dividing the annual range of temperature by the latitude arc of the area, and after calculating this A, he obtained the continental degree n using the following formula.


In this case, the continental degree of Verkhoyansk in Siberia is assumed to be 100. In addition, W. Gorczynski of the Soviet Union expressed the continental degree n using the annual temperature range as an index, as follows:


Here, latitude and a are the annual temperature ranges. Using this formula to calculate the continental degree, we get 100 for Verkhoyansk, 45.7 for Tokyo, 50.7 for Kumamoto, and 51.6 for Matsumoto. The precipitation continental degree was calculated by the German scientist H. Gams using the following formula:


Here, ω is the oceanic degree angle, and the continental degree is its reciprocal. The lower the annual precipitation, the higher the continental degree. In recent years, the continental degree has also been expressed as the ratio of the frequency of continental air masses and oceanic air masses that attack a certain area.

[Masami Ichikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大陸性気候の度合いを数量的に表す指数をいう。一般には、海岸からの距離が大陸の内部ほどこの値は大きいが、所によって大陸の影響が異なり、実際にはその土地の気温、降水、気圧などに現れる。気温では日較差・年較差の大きいほど、降水の場合には日変化・年変化の大きいほど大陸度が大きい。大陸度には温度的大陸度と降水的大陸度がある。ドイツのツェンカーW. Zenkerは気温の年較差をその土地の緯度の弧で除した商Aを用い、このAを求めたあと、大陸度nを、次式で得た。


 この場合、シベリアのベルホヤンスクの大陸度を100と仮定している。また、ソ連のゴルチンスキーW. Gorczynskiは、気温の年較差を指標として、大陸度nを次式で表した。


 ここでは緯度、aは気温の年較差である。この式で大陸度を求めると、ベルホヤンスク100、東京45.7、熊本50.7、松本51.6となる。また、降水的大陸度としてはドイツのガムスH. Gamsが次式で求めた。


 ここでωは海洋度角で、大陸度はこの逆数となる。年降水量が少ないほど大陸度が大きい。近年になって、一定地域に襲来する大陸気団と海洋気団の頻度の比をもって大陸度を表すことも用いられている。

[市川正巳]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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