A series of A6-sized (148 mm x 105 mm) publications with uniform binding and light, inexpensive paper covers. "Bunko" is often used as the name of a series, and in that case the size can vary from B6, shinsho, or B7, but when referring to bunkohon it usually refers to the A6 size. This publishing format was chosen with the aim of keeping the layout as simple as possible to keep the price low and distributing it in large quantities. The German Reclam Library (Reclamus Universal Bibliothèque), first published in 1867, is world-famous as a library that has a long history and is still in publication today. In Japan, the earliest was Fuzanbo's Shuchin Meisaku Library (1903). "Shuchin" is a name that has long been used to refer to small books, and this library was a collection of revised editions of Japanese literature, modeled after the Reclam Library, which had begun to be imported at the time, and the British Cassell's National Library (1886). The first to spread in quantity was the storytelling book Tachikawa Library (1911), whose stories of ninjas and swordsmen attracted young readers of the time and became a huge hit. However, it was Iwanami Library (1927) that established the social reputation of paperback books. The Iwanami Bunko series was modelled on the Reclam Library in every detail, with a fixed price of 20 sen per 100 pages, marked with an asterisk. It contained a carefully selected collection of truly classic masterpieces, all translations were direct translations from the originals, and boasted complete editions with no omissions. It gained overwhelming support from students and intellectuals, and since then "popular editions of masterpieces" has become synonymous with paperbacks. It was followed by Kaizo Bunko (1929), which featured social science-related works, Shunyodo Bunko (1931), which focused on literary works, and Shincho Bunko (1933). After the Second World War, new paperback series such as "Athena Bunko" (1948), "Kadokawa Bunko" (1949), and "Gendai Kyoyo Bunko" (1951) were born, which created a boom and at one time numbered more than 40 types, but within a few years they were eliminated and most of them disappeared. After this, unique series with limited content and target audience were published, such as "Sougen Suiri Bunko" (1959) which focused on mystery novels, "Color Books" (1962) which used many illustrations, and "Obunsha Bunko" (1965) aimed at high school students. Furthermore, in 1971 (Showa 46), "Kodansha Bunko" was published with a collection of 70 works, and this triggered major publishers to start publishing paperbacks one after another, ushering in the era of mass production. As competition intensifies, the range of books included has expanded endlessly to include complete works, lectures, dictionaries, fairy tales, mysteries, science fiction, storytelling, rakugo, manga, illustrations, pornography, and even original works. As a result, the Iwanami Bunko series' traditional role as a popular edition of classics and masterpieces has faded, and the series has transformed into a low-priced edition that covers all genres. Other major paperback series include the Chuko Bunko, Bunshun Bunko, Shueisha Bunko, Hayakawa Bunko, Tokuma Bunko, Kobunsha Bunko, Gentosha Bunko, and Shogakukan Bunko. [Yaguchi Shinya] "The Story of Iwanami Bunko" by Yasuo Yamazaki (1962, Hakuohsha) " "The Complete Guide to Bunko" by Shinya Yaguchi (1979, Tosho Shimbun)" " Complete Catalog of Iwanami Bunko, edited by the Iwanami Bunko Editorial Department (1987, Iwanami Shoten)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
A6判(148ミリ×105ミリ)の出版物で、装丁をそろえた紙表紙の軽装・廉価なシリーズのこと。「文庫」は叢書(そうしょ)名としてよく使われ、その場合、大きさはB6判、新書判、またはB7判までいろいろだが、文庫本とよぶときはA6判のものをさすのが普通である。値段を低く抑えるために可能な限り簡素な体裁にし、大量に普及させる目的で選ばれた出版形式である。 歴史が古く今日も刊行を続けているものとして、1867年に発刊されたドイツの『レクラム文庫』(レクラムス・ウニベルザール・ビブリオテーク)が世界的に著名である。わが国のものでは、冨山房(ふざんぼう)の『袖珍(しゅうちん)名著文庫』(1903)がもっとも早い。「袖珍」とは昔から小型本をよぶときに用いられた名称で、この文庫は当時輸入され始めていた『レクラム文庫』やイギリスの『カッセルズ・ナショナル・ライブラリー』(1886)に倣った国文学の校訂本だった。量的に普及したのは講談本の『立川文庫』(1911)で、忍者や剣豪の活躍するストーリーが当時の青少年読者をひきつけ、大流行した。しかし、文庫本に社会的な評価を定着させたのは『岩波文庫』(1927)である。100頁を一単位として20銭刻みの定価をつけ、それを星印で表示するなど細部まで『レクラム文庫』を範としている。書目を厳選して真に古典的価値のある名著を収録、翻訳はすべて原典からの直接訳、省略なしの完全版をうたった『岩波文庫』は、学生・知識層の圧倒的な支持を得て、以来「名著の普及版」が文庫の代名詞となった。続いて、社会科学関係に特色をもつ『改造文庫』(1929)、文芸書中心の『春陽堂文庫』(1931)、『新潮文庫』(1933)などが発刊されている。 第二次世界大戦後になって『アテネ文庫』(1948)、『角川文庫』(1949)、『現代教養文庫』(1951)など新しい文庫が誕生し、ブームをよんで一時は40種余になったが、数年のうちに淘汰(とうた)されて大部分が姿を消した。このあと、推理小説中心の『創元推理文庫』(1959)、図版を多用した『カラーブックス』(1962)、高校生を対象に『旺文社(おうぶんしゃ)文庫』(1965)というふうに内容や読者層を限った個性的なシリーズが出された。さらに1971年(昭和46)『講談社文庫』が70点の作品をそろえて発刊されたのがきっかけになって、大手の出版社が相次いで文庫出版を手がけるようになり、量産の時代へと突入した。競争の激化に伴い、収録範囲も際限なく広がり、全集、講座、辞典、童話、ミステリー、SF、講談、落語、マンガ、イラスト集、ポルノなど、また書き下ろし作品の収録もあって、従来『岩波文庫』によって与えられた、古典・名著の普及版という性格が薄れ、あらゆる分野にまたがる廉価版へと変貌(へんぼう)してきている。ほかにおもな文庫としては『中公文庫』『文春文庫』『集英社文庫』『ハヤカワ文庫』『徳間文庫』『光文社文庫』『幻冬舎文庫』『小学館文庫』などがある。 [矢口進也] 『山崎安雄著『岩波文庫物語』(1962・白凰社)』▽『矢口進也著『文庫 そのすべて』(1979・図書新聞)』▽『岩波文庫編集部編『岩波文庫総目録』(1987・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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