Protagoras - Protagoras (English spelling)

Japanese: プロタゴラス - ぷろたごらす(英語表記)Protagoras
Protagoras - Protagoras (English spelling)

A representative sophist of ancient Greece. Born in Abdera, a town on the Thracian coast. He began his activities as a sophist at around the age of 30, and traveled throughout Greece for over 40 years, especially to Athens, where he is said to have been commissioned to draft the constitution of the colony of Thurii, which Athens established in southern Italy in 444 BC. His famous theory of human measure, recorded in the words "Man is the measure of all things; of what is, of what is; of what is not, of what is not," is usually interpreted as a theory that tries to liken the standard of truth to the senses of each individual human being. For this reason, this theory is considered to deny the existence of absolute truth and advocate relativism. The question then becomes which of the various judgments of each person who claims equal rights should be adopted, and here the sophists' method of strengthening weak arguments, rhetoric, becomes necessary to push through their own theory. He became famous and is said to have made more money than the sculptor Phidias, but all of his works have been lost and only fragments remain today.

[Mikiya Suzuki January 20, 2015]

[Reference] | Sophist

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシアの代表的なソフィスト。トラキア海沿岸の町アブデラに生まれる。30歳ごろからソフィストとしての活動を開始し、40年余りギリシア全土を遍歴、とくにアテネへは頻繁に訪れて、紀元前444年アテネが南イタリアに建設した植民市トゥリオイの憲法起草を委嘱されたと伝えられる。「人間は万物の尺度である。在るものについては在ることの、在らぬものについては在らぬことの」ということばで記録された有名な人間尺度説は、普通、真理の基準を個々の人間の感覚に見立てようとする説と解釈されている。そのため、この説は絶対的な真理の存在を否定し、相対主義を標榜(ひょうぼう)するものとされている。そこで、同等な権利を主張する各人各様の判断のうち、いずれを採択したらよいかという問題になるが、ここで、ソフィストたちの教える弱い議論を強くする術(すべ)である弁論術が、自説を押し出すために必要となってくる。令名はとどろき、彫刻家フェイディアスをしのぐ大金をもうけたと伝えられるが、著作はいずれも失われ、現在残っているのは断片ばかりである。

[鈴木幹也 2015年1月20日]

[参照項目] | ソフィスト

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