1901‐72 Austrian theoretical biologist. He advocated organismism (organism theory), arguing that the conflict between mechanism and vitalism regarding ontogeny can be resolved by considering the highly regulative functions of living organisms as complex systems. The core of his theory is that living organisms are open systems in a steady state, with holistic, dynamic, and active characteristics. He unified this view across all fields of biology in his magnum opus Theoretical Biology (1932, 42) and other works. After World War II, he became a professor at the University of Ottawa, then the University of Alberta, and the State University of New York, where he further generalized this position and developed it in General Systems Theory (1968). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1901‐72 オーストリア出身の理論生物学者。個体発生に関する機械論と生気論の対立は,複雑なシステムとしての生体がもつ高い調節機能を考えることで解決できるとして,有機体論(生体論)を主張。その骨子は,生体は定常状態にある開放系で,全体的・動的・能動的な特性をもつとするものである。大著《理論生物学》(1932,42)などで,生物学の全分野をこの見方で統一的にとらえた。第2次大戦後オタワ大学,ついでアルバータ大学,ニューヨーク州立大学教授となり,この立場をさらに一般化して,《一般システム理論》(1968)において発展させた。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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