Russian poet and literary scholar. Born into a wealthy merchant family whose paternal grandfather was a serf and maternal grandfather a self-taught poet, he himself said that he was educated at home "based on the principles of materialism and atheism." He graduated from the history department of Moscow University in 1899. Influenced by Verlaine, Rimbaud, and Mallarmé, he published the three-volume anthology "Russian Symbolists" (1894-95), becoming a pioneer of Symbolism. His early poetry collections such as "Famous Poems" (1895) and "This Is Me" (1897) already showed his originality in urbanism and Romanesque, and in his poetry collection "The Third Guard" (1900) he established his style as a "poet of marble and bronze." From 1904 to 1909, he was the de facto editor of the Symbolist journal Besui (Libra), and in its first issue he published a treatise on Symbolist art called The Mysterious Key, becoming a leading figure in the movement. As the 1905 revolution approached, he turned his attention to reality, writing poems praising labor, such as "The Mason" (1901) in the collection The Town and the World (1903). His best collection of poems before the October Revolution, The Crown (1906), also shows a romantic sense of proximity to the revolution. After the October Revolution, after some hesitation, Bryusov joined the Communist Party in 1919, believing that the revolution would protect cultural heritage. He played a major role in the study of literary theory, educating younger generations, and founded the Higher Literary Technical School. His post-revolutionary poetry collections include "The Last Aspiration" (1920), "In These Days" (1921), "Moment" (1922), "Far Away" (1922), and "Hurry Up!" (1924). However, his post-revolutionary poetry is said to be heavy on the formality and not very successful. His prose works from the Symbolist period include the 16-chapter historical tale "The Fiery Angel" (1907) and the collection of short stories "The Axis of the Earth" (1911). One of these stories, "The Republic of the Southern Cross," predicts the crisis facing today's civilized society. His multifaceted literary activities, including critiques, playwriting, and translations, earned him high praise from Gorky, Lunacharsky, and others as the greatest intellectual of the revolutionary period. [Kusaka Tonoyoshi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの詩人、文芸学者。父方の祖父は農奴、母方の祖父は独学の詩人という家系の富裕な商人の家に生まれ、彼自身の言によれば、「唯物論と無神論の諸原則によって」家庭教育を受けたという。モスクワ大学歴史学科を1899年に卒業。ベルレーヌ、ランボー、マラルメらの影響を受け、アンソロジー『ロシア・シンボリスト』三巻(1894~95)を出版、シンボリズムの先駆けとなった。初期の詩集『名詩編』(1895)、『これぞ われ』(1897)などで早くもウルバニズムやロマネスクなどの独自性を発揮し、詩集『第三の番兵』(1900)においては「大理石とブロンズの詩人」としての作風を樹立した。1904~09年にシンボリズムの機関誌となった『ベスイ(天秤(てんびん)座)』誌の実質的主幹として活躍、その1号にシンボリズム芸術論「神秘の鍵(かぎ)」を発表、同派の驍将(ぎょうしょう)となる。05年の革命が近づくにつれて現実に目を向け、詩集『町と世界に』(1903)の「石工」(1901)のような労働をたたえる詩を書く。十月革命前の彼の最高の詩集とされる『花冠』(1906)には、革命へのロマンチックな近接の気持ちもうかがえる。十月革命後、ブリューソフは躊躇(ちゅうちょ)のすえ、革命が文化遺産を擁護すると信じて、1919年共産党に入った。そして文学理論の研究に大きな役割を果たし、後輩の教育にあたり、高等文学専門学校を創設した。 革命後の詩集には『最後の希求』(1920)、『かくなる日々に』(1921)、『瞬間』(1922)、『彼方(かなた)』(1922)、『急げ!』(1924)などがある。しかし革命後の詩作品は形式重厚で、あまり成功していないといわれる。なおシンボリズム時代の散文作品に、16章からなる歴史物語『炎の天使』(1907)、短編集『地軸』(1911)などがある。その一編『南十字星共和国』は今日の文明社会の危機を予言するものである。そのほか、評論、劇作、翻訳など、多面的な文学活動によって、彼は、革命期の最大の知識人として、ゴーリキー、ルナチャルスキーたちから高く評価されている。 [草鹿外吉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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