A general term for the indigenous Celtic people of Britain. There are traces of human habitation since the Paleolithic period, but around 3000 BC, people with a Neolithic culture accompanied by a megalithic culture migrated from the Iberian Peninsula to southwestern Britain, and around 1800 BC, the proto-Celtic Beaker People, who used Beaker-shaped pottery, brought the Bronze Age culture from the Rhineland. Furthermore, Celts with an Iron Age culture, the Hallstatt culture, arrived in the 7th century BC, and the La Tène culture in the 4th century BC. In the 1st century BC, the Celtic Belgae, influenced by Roman culture, arrived in southeastern Britain with an excellent Iron Age culture and founded a country. Originally, the Belgae were called Britanni, and the inhabitants of Britain were called Pretani, but after the Roman general Caesar called Britain "the island of the Belgae" during his Gaul expedition, the inhabitants of Britain came to be called Britanni, or Britons. When the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic tribe, migrated in the 5th and 6th centuries, the Celtic Britons were driven into Wales, Ireland and Scotland, but some of them migrated to northwestern France and formed the present-day region of Brittany. [Tomizawa Reikan] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ブリテン島のケルト系先住民の総称。旧石器時代より人類生息の跡があるが、紀元前3000年ごろイベリア半島から南西イギリスへ巨石文化を伴う新石器文化をもった人々が渡来し、前1800年ごろビーカー型の土器を用いる原ケルト系のビーカー人がラインラントから青銅器文化をもたらした。さらに前7世紀にハルシュタット文化、前4世紀にラ・テーヌ文化という鉄器文化をもつケルト人が渡来。前1世紀にはローマ文化の影響を受けたケルト系ベルガエ人Belgaeが優秀な鉄器文化をもって南東イギリスに渡来、建国した。本来ベルガエ人をブリタニBritanniとよび、ブリテン島の住民をプレタニPretaniとよんでいたが、ローマの将軍カエサルがガリア遠征のときブリテン島を「ベルガエ人(ブリタニ)の島」とよんでから、ブリテン島の住民をブリタニ、すなわちブリトン人とよぶようになる。5、6世紀、ゲルマン民族の一派アングロ・サクソン人が移住してきたとき、ケルト系ブリトン人はウェールズ、アイルランド、スコットランドに追われたが、一部は北西フランスに渡って今日のブルターニュ地方を形成した。 [富沢霊岸] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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