Brahe, Tycho

Japanese: ブラーエ（英語表記）Brahe， Tycho

Born: December 14, 1546, Knudstrup
[Died] October 24, 1601. Prague. Danish astronomer. Born into a noble family in Scania, Denmark (now Sweden). After studying law and philosophy at the University of Copenhagen (1559-62) and the University of Leipzig (62-65), he traveled widely throughout Europe. Using the astronomical instruments he had collected during his travels, he began observing with the intention of correcting the deficiencies in existing star catalogs. In 1572, he became famous for discovering a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia, and with the support of the Danish king, he built a large observatory (Uranbork) on the island of Ben (76). His large-scale observation equipment and organized collaborative research can be considered to have anticipated today's big science system. The level of his observations was extremely advanced, including precise observations of celestial bodies in the solar system and the determination of the positions of nearly 800 stars. In particular, his observations of the Great Comet in 77 proved that it was a phenomenon farther away than the Moon, just like the Nova of 72, and cast a significant shadow over the traditional belief in the immutability of the heavens. Not coming to terms with the newly crowned king, he left Denmark (97) and, under the patronage of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, built a new observatory (Stellabork) in Prague (99) where he continued his observations. It was here that J. Kepler served as his assistant. In his major work, "Introduction to a New Astronomy" (1602-03), he proposed an eclectic cosmological system in which the Sun revolves around a stationary Earth while revolving the planets around it, which is geometrically equivalent to the Copernican system, but which saves the traditional idea of a fixed Earth. His theory remained popular long after Kepler and Galilei had confirmed the heliocentric theory.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1546.12.14. クヌドストラップ
[没]1601.10.24. プラハ
デンマークの天文学者。デンマーク領 (現スウェーデン領) スカニアの貴族の家に生れた。コペンハーゲン大学 (1559～62) ，ライプチヒ大学 (62～65) で法律，哲学を学んだのち，ヨーロッパを広く旅行。その間収集した天文観測器具を用いて，既存の星表の不備を正す意図で観測活動を開始。 1572年にカシオペア座の超新星を発見して有名になり，デンマーク王の援助で，ベン島に大天文台 (ウランボルク) を建設 (76) 。その大規模な観測装置と組織的な共同研究は，今日のビッグサイエンスの体制を先取りしたものと考えられよう。太陽系諸天体の精密観測，800に近い恒星の位置決定など，その観測の水準はきわめて高度であった。特に 77年の大彗星の接近の際の観測結果からそれが 72年の新星同様月よりも遠いところでの現象であることを証明，従来の「天上界の不変性」に対する信仰に重大な一石を投じた。新しく即位した王と折合わず，デンマークを去り (97) ，神聖ローマ帝国ルドルフ2世の庇護で，プラハに新天文台 (ステラボルク) を建て (99) ，観測を続けた。 J.ケプラーが彼のもとで助手をつとめたのはこの地であった。主著『新天文学への序論』 (1602～03) では，静止している地球の周囲を太陽が惑星を公転させながら回るという幾何学的にはコペルニクス体系と等価でありながら伝統的な地球不動説を救う折衷的な宇宙体系を唱えた。彼の説は，ケプラーやガリレイによる地動説の確証のあとも長く，人気を博した。

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