Williamson, Oliver E.

Japanese: ウィリアムソン(英語表記)Williamson, Oliver E.
Williamson, Oliver E.
Born: September 27, 1932 in Superior, Wisconsin
[Died] May 21, 2020. Economist from Oakland, California, USA. Full name Oliver Eaton Williamson. Received a bachelor's degree in business administration from MIT Sloan School of Management in 1955, a master's degree in business administration from Stanford University in 1960, and a doctorate in economics from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in 1963. He was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1963 to 1965, and an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1965 to 1968, and a professor from 1968 to 1983. He was the Gordon B. Tweedy Professor of Law and Organization at Yale University from 1983 to 1988, and later a graduate professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1998, he was the Edgar F. Kaiser Professor of Business, Economics, and Law at the Haas School of Business at the university, and became a professor emeritus in 2004. In addition to his teaching, he served as an advisor to various organizations, including the RAND Corporation from 1964 to 1966, the Department of Justice from 1967 to 1969, the National Science Foundation from 1976 to 1977, and the Federal Trade Commission from 1978 to 1980. In 2009, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Elinor Ostrom for his research in the field of economic governance, such as how economic systems and hierarchical organizations function outside of markets in resolving corporate disputes. He was also recognized for creating a new economic philosophy called new institutional economics through his own research. His books include "The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting" (1985) and "The Mechanisms of Governance" (1996).

Williamson
Williamson, Alexander William

Born: May 1, 1824, London
[Died] May 6, 1904. Hindhead, Surrey. British chemist. Studied under L. Gmelin at the University of Heidelberg and J. Liebig at the University of Giessen in Germany. Taught at the University of London from 1849, becoming professor of chemistry in 1855. In 1850, he clarified the relationship between the molecular structures of alcohols and ethers, and elucidated the mechanisms of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium. He also clarified the mechanism of intermediate product formation and the function of catalysts (sulfuric acid) in the synthesis of ethers from alcohols. He also developed the Williamson synthesis to obtain various ether mixtures. He contributed to the development of chemistry in Japan during the Meiji period by guiding foreign students and other means.

Williamson
Williamson, Henry

Born: December 1, 1895 in Dorset
[Died] August 13, 1977.
English author. He enjoyed depicting rural scenes. He won the Hawthornden Prize for his animal story, Tarka the Otter (1927).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1932.9.27. ウィスコンシン,スペリオル
[没]2020.5.21. カリフォルニア,オークランド
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。フルネーム Oliver Eaton Williamson。1955年マサチューセッツ工科大学 MITスローン経営大学院で経営学の学士号,1960年スタンフォード大学で経営学の修士号,1963年ピッツバーグのカーネギー・メロン大学で経済学の博士号を取得。1963~65年カリフォルニア大学バークリー校で助教,ペンシルバニア大学に移って 1965~68年准教授,1968~83年教授を務めた。1983~88年エール大学でゴードン・B.ツイーディ記念法学・組織学教授,以降カリフォルニア大学バークリー校で大学院教授,1998年には同大学ハース・ビジネススクールのエドガー・F.カイザー記念ビジネス・経済学・法学教授を兼任し,2004年名誉教授。教職のかたわら,1964~66年ランド研究所,1967~69年アメリカ司法省,1976~77年国立科学財団,1978~80年連邦取引委員会などさまざまな機関で顧問を務めた。2009年,企業の紛争解決において経済システムや階層的組織が市場の外でどのように機能するのかといった,経済統治の分野の研究が認められ,エリノア・オストロムともにノーベル経済学賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞した。また自身の研究を通じて,新制度派経済学 new institutional economicsと呼ばれる新しい経済思想を生み出したことが評価された。著書に"The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting"(1985),"The Mechanisms of Governance"(1996)などがある。

ウィリアムソン
Williamson, Alexander William

[生]1824.5.1. ロンドン
[没]1904.5.6. サリー,ハインドヘッド
イギリスの化学者。ドイツ,ハイデルベルク大学で L.グメーリーン,ギーセン大学で J.リービヒに学ぶ。 1849年以降ロンドン大学で教鞭をとり,55年化学教授。 50年アルコールとエーテルの分子構造の関係を明らかにし,可逆反応,化学平衡の機構を解明した。またアルコールからエーテルを生成する際の中間生成物の生成機構および触媒 (硫酸) の働きを明らかにした。また種々のエーテル混合体を得るウィリアムソン合成を開発した。留学生の指導などで明治期の日本の化学の道歩にも貢献した。

ウィリアムソン
Williamson, Henry

[生]1895.12.1. ドーセット
[没]1977.8.13.
イギリスの作家。好んで田園風物を描く。動物物語『かわうそタルカ』 Tarka the Otter (1927) でホーソンデン賞を受けた。

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