From the formula for finding the derivative of the product of two functions, ( fg )' = f'g + fg ', we obtain fg ' = ( fg )' - f'g , and considering the indefinite integral on both sides of this equation, we get. The method of integration using this formula is called integration by parts. For example, a similar formula for integration by parts also holds for definite integrals. Integration by parts can also be used repeatedly. To give an example of an indefinite integral, we get, so integration by parts can be applied again to the last term. If we repeat this operation n times, the initial integral becomes -{ xn + nxn -1 + n ( n -1 ) xn -2 +...... + n ( n -1)( n -2)......2・1} e - x . Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
二つの関数の積の導関数を求める公式,(fg)′=f′g+fg′から,fg′=(fg)′-f′gを得るから,この式の両辺の不定積分を考えると,となる。この公式を使って積分する方法を部分積分法という。例えば,定積分についても同様な部分積分の公式,が成り立つ。例えば,部分積分法は何回も繰り返して使うこともある。不定積分の場合の例を示すと,となるから,最後の項に再び部分積分法を適用することができる。この操作をn回繰り返すと,初めの積分は, -{xn+nxn-1+n(n-1)xn-2+…… +n(n-1)(n-2)……2・1}e-xとなる。
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