When a person with a real right is hindered or is likely to be hindered from exercising his/her rights peacefully, this right allows him/her to demand that the hinderer take the necessary action to remove or prevent the hinderance. For example, when a building is built on one's land without permission from another person, one can demand that it be removed, or when one's property is stolen, one can demand that it be returned. Although there is no provision in the Civil Code, real rights are recognized as a matter of course because the basic content of real rights is direct control over things, and if there is no means of redress when that control is violated, real rights may become meaningless. A typical real rights claim is a claim based on ownership (all previous examples are claims based on ownership). There are three types of real rights claims: a claim for return when possession is completely taken away, a claim for removal of the hinderance when possession is partially taken away (the use of the property is hindered), and a claim for prevention of the hinderance when there is a risk of the use being hindered. It is similar to a suit for possession, which seeks recovery based on possessory rights when possession is violated; however, while a suit for possession must be brought within one year from the time when possession was taken away or the interference ceased, a real right claim has no such restriction. [Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物権をもつ者が、その権利の平穏な行使を妨げられ、または妨げられるおそれがある場合に、妨害者に対してその妨害の除去または予防に必要な行為を請求することのできる権利。たとえば、自分の土地に他人がかってに建物を建てた場合にその除去を請求することができたり、自分の物を盗まれた場合にその返還を請求することができるのは、この請求権の働きである。民法に規定はないが、物を直接的に支配することが物権の基本的な内容であるのに、その支配が侵害された場合に救済手段がないとすれば物権は無意味になるおそれがあるという理由から、物権的請求権は当然に認められている。所有権に基づく請求権が物権的請求権の代表的なものである(前例はいずれも所有権に基づく請求権)。物権的請求権には、占有が完全に奪われた場合の返還請求権、占有が部分的に奪われた(物の利用を妨害された)場合の妨害排除請求権、利用を妨害されるおそれがある場合の妨害予防請求権の3種がある。占有を侵害された場合に占有権に基づいてその回復を請求する占有の訴えに類似するが、占有の訴えが占有を奪われたときや妨害が終わったときから1年以内に提起されなければならないのに対して、物権的請求権にはそのような制限がない。 [高橋康之・野澤正充] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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