Fujiwara Tadazane

Japanese: 藤原忠実 - ふじわらのただざね

Year of death: 18th June 1162 (31st July 1162)
Year of birth: 12th year of the Shoreki era (1078)
A nobleman in the late Heian period. Son of the chancellor Fujiwara no Michimichi and the daughter of the right minister Fujiwara no Toshiie, Masako. Adopted by his grandfather Fujiwara no Michizane. Named Chisokuin and Tomiyedono. Born as the eldest son of the regent family, he became a nobleman in 1091 as a non-councillor with the rank of Junior Third Rank, and in 1091 he was promoted to provisional Chunagon and in 1097 to provisional Dainagon. In 1099, he succeeded his father Michimichi, who died young, and became an internal adviser and head of the Fujiwara clan. In 1099 he became the right minister, and in 1105 he was appointed chancellor to Emperor Horikawa. In 1107 he became regent when Emperor Toba ascended to the throne, and in 1112 he was appointed grand minister. In 1113 he resigned from the grand minister position and became chancellor at the coming-of-age ceremony of Emperor Toba. Over the issue of his daughter Yasushi (later known as Koyoin) entering the Imperial Court of Emperor Toba, a rift appeared in his political alliance with Emperor Shirakawa, which had been described as "a pact like fish and water." As a result, he was removed from his position as an internal official in 1120 and retired to Uji the following year. With the death of Emperor Shirakawa in 1129 and the start of Toba's cloistered government, he returned to the court, which resulted in a conflict between him and his eldest son Tadamichi, who was the regent at the time. This conflict became decisive when he appointed his favored second son, Yorinaga, as internal official and clan head. In 1171, he became a monk and took the post of Buddhist priest Enri. At the outbreak of the Hogen Rebellion (1156), which was partly due to the conflict between Tadamichi and Yorinaga, he was on Yorinaga's side, but did not openly support it. After Yorinaga's defeat and death in the rebellion, he secluded himself in Chitokuin. He died at the age of 85. As the power of the retired emperor rose, it became inevitable for the regents to become close retainers of the emperor, and he played an important role in preserving the family estates in order to stabilize the regents' position as a powerful family, and in organizing historical records as seen in the compilation of the Shikseishosho. He left behind the diary Tonoreki, and had his conversations transcribed by Daigaiki Nakahara Michimoto in the Chugaisho, as well as the Tonogo, transcribed by housekeeper Takashina Nakayuki, which had a major impact on the rise of narrative literature during the retired emperor's government period. <References> Commentary on the 5 volumes of Dainihon Kokiroku/Tonoreki

(Kazuhiko Uesugi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：応保2.6.18(1162.7.31)
生年：承暦2.12(1078)
平安後期の公卿。関白藤原師通と右大臣藤原俊家の娘全子の子。祖父藤原師実の養子。知足院,富家殿と号す。摂関家の嫡男として生まれ,寛治5(1091)年非参議従三位で公卿に列し,同6年権中納言,永長2(1097)年権大納言に昇る。康和1(1099)年,早世した父師通のあとを受け,内覧・藤原氏長者となる。同2年右大臣となり,長治2(1105)年堀河天皇の関白に任ぜられる。嘉承2(1107)年鳥羽天皇の即位とともにその摂政となり,天永3(1112)年太政大臣に任じられる。永久1(1113)年太政大臣を辞し,鳥羽天皇元服により関白となる。娘の泰子(のちの高陽院)の鳥羽天皇入内問題をめぐって,「魚水の契」と評されたそれまでの白河法皇との政治的連携に亀裂が生じたことにより,保安1(1120)年,内覧を停められ,翌年宇治に隠遁。大治4(1129)年の白河法皇没および鳥羽院政開始とともに,朝政への復帰を果たし,その結果,時の関白である長子忠通との間に対立関係が生じた。この対立は,寵愛した次子頼長を内覧・氏長者となしたことにより,決定的なものとなった。保延6年出家,法名円理。忠通と頼長の対立をひとつの要因とする保元の乱(1156)の勃発の際には,頼長方の立場にはあったものの,公然たる加担の姿勢は取らなかった。乱における頼長の敗死後,知足院に籠居。85歳で死去。院権力の台頭により,摂関家の院近臣化が不可避となった状況下,摂関家の権門としての地位の安定化のための家領の保全・『執政所抄』の編纂にみられる故実の整備などに重要な役割を果たした。日記『殿暦』を遺し,大外記中原師元に談話を筆録させた『中外抄』,同じく家司高階仲行の筆録による『富家語』は,院政期の説話文学興隆に大きな影響を与えた。<参考文献>『大日本古記録/殿暦』5巻解題

(上杉和彦)

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