This was one of the compensation systems for aristocrats established in the Taiho Code and the Yoro Code. It provided a certain number of citizen households, mainly consisting of Ifu, which was given to those of ranks of Sanmi and above, and Shikifu, which was given to those in government posts of Dainagon and above. There was also Kofu, which was given based on merit. In addition, temples were generally not eligible to receive Fuko, but could receive them if there was an imperial decree, but the period of payment was limited to five years. Fuko were to receive half of the cho, yo, and land tax from their temples. The Fuko system was modeled after the Jikifu (Fuko) system that had been established in China since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Nihon Shoki states that it began in 646 (Taika 2). Since Fuko was based on the premise that the person was a citizen, it declined with the decline of the citizen system. [Kiyoaki Kito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大宝令(たいほうりょう)や養老(ようろう)令で定められていた貴族に対する給与制度の一つ。特定数の公民の戸を支給するもので、三位(さんみ)以上に支給される位封(いふ)、大納言(だいなごん)以上の官職に支給される職封(しきふ)とが中心である。そのほか功績によって支給される功封(こうふ)があった。また寺は封戸の支給にあずからないのが一般原則で、別に勅があればかりに支給することができたが、支給期間は5年を限ることになっていた。封戸はそこからの調(ちょう)と庸(よう)および田租の半分が支給されることになっていた。封戸の制度は中国で南北朝以来整備されてきた食封(じきふ)(封戸)の制度をまねたもので、『日本書紀』は646年(大化2)から始まったとしている。封戸は公民を前提としていたので、公民制の後退とともに衰退した。 [鬼頭清明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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