Peritoneum - Peritoneum

Japanese: 腹膜 - ふくまく
Peritoneum - Peritoneum

It is a thin, transparent serous membrane that covers the surfaces of most of the internal organs in the abdominal cavity and the inner surfaces of the abdominal and pelvic walls, and has the same origin as the pleura (ribs) and serous pericardium. The visceral peritoneum covers the surfaces of the internal organs, while the parietal peritoneum covers the abdominal and pelvic walls, and the two transition continuously. Therefore, a closed space is formed by the two. This is called the peritoneal cavity. A small amount of serous fluid is present in the peritoneal cavity to prevent friction between the organs. When inflammation of the peritoneum occurs due to inflammation of the abdominal organs or internal bleeding, exudate (ascites), blood, pus, etc. may appear and accumulate in the peritoneal cavity.

Microscopically, the peritoneum is made up of a single layer of flat mesothelial cells and thin fibrous connective tissue, within which large and small arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and fatty tissue can be found. The double layer of the peritoneum is called the mesentery, and blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that enter the internal organs run through this mesentery. A typical example of a mesentery is the mesentery, which developed to fix the jejunum and ileum to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

[Kazuyo Shimai and Koji Uemi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腹腔(ふくくう)内の大部分の内臓の表面、および腹壁と骨盤壁の内面を覆っている薄い透明な漿膜(しょうまく)で、胸(きょう)膜(肋(ろく)膜)や漿膜性心膜と同じ起源である。内臓表面を覆うのが臓側(ぞうそく)腹膜、腹壁や骨盤壁を覆うのが壁側(へきそく)腹膜で、両者は連続して移行している。したがって、この両者によって、閉鎖した空隙(くうげき)ができることになる。これを腹膜腔という。腹膜腔には少量の漿液が存在し、臓器の摩擦を避けている。腹部臓器の炎症や内出血によって腹膜の炎症が生じると、腹膜腔に滲出(しんしゅつ)液(腹水(ふくすい))、血液、膿(のう)などが出現し、貯留することがある。

 腹膜は、顕微鏡的には単層扁平(へんぺい)な中皮(ちゅうひ)細胞と薄い線維性結合組織からできており、結合組織の中には大小の動・静脈、リンパ管、神経、脂肪組織などがみられる。腹膜が二重にあわさった部分を間膜といい、内臓に進入する血管、リンパ管、神経などはこの間膜の中を走る。代表的な間膜は腸間膜であり、これは空腸や回腸を腹腔後壁に固定するために発達した腹膜である。

[嶋井和世・上見幸司]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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