What is the disease?What is the cause?Corticosteroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol under the influence of various enzymes. If this enzyme is congenitally absent, cortisol is not produced, and There are several types of enzymes involved in the synthesis of cortisol, and the type of enzyme that is missing determines the type of disease, and the symptoms vary slightly. How symptoms manifest It can occur in both sexes. In girls, In the most severe cases of this disease, adrenal insufficiency occurs during the neonatal period, causing vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte (acid-base, etc.) abnormalities, and arrhythmia, and if not treated appropriately, the baby will die within a few days of birth. Testing and diagnosisCurrently in Japan, newborn screening tests are being conducted to detect 21-hydroxylase deficiency. By measuring the levels of adrenal cortical hormones and their metabolites in urine, it is possible to estimate which enzyme is missing. In cases of the incomplete type, which has mild symptoms, a diagnosis can sometimes only be made by examining these after administering adrenocorticotropic hormone. Treatment methodsThe purpose of treatment is to supplement the insufficient cortisol and aldosterone and to restore androgen levels to normal. Corticosteroids (dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone, etc.) are administered to prevent excessive secretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Girls with masculine external genitalia undergo plastic surgery between the ages of 1 and 3 to correct the abnormal shape. What to do if you notice an illnessParents whose children have this condition should be advised on how to take corticosteroids and the side effects. If the child is under a lot of stress due to injury or fever, they should inform their doctor so that the dosage can be increased. Sudden cessation of corticosteroids can lead to acute adrenal insufficiency. Those who have a family history of adrenogenital syndrome or have children with the condition are advised to seek genetic counseling. Satoshi Sakihara Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia |
どんな病気か 原因は何か副腎皮質ステロイドホルモンは、コレステロールからさまざまな酵素の影響を受けて合成されます。 この酵素が先天的に欠けるとコルチゾールがつくられず、これを刺激しようと コルチゾールの合成に関わる酵素は数種類あり、欠ける酵素の種類により病気のタイプが分かれ、症状も少しずつ違っています。いずれも 症状の現れ方 男女にかかわりなく発生します。女児の場合は また、この病気のなかでも重症のタイプでは、新生児期から副腎不全が発生します。嘔吐、脱水、電解質(酸・塩基など)の異常、不整脈などの症状が現れ、適切な治療をしないと生後数日で死亡してしまいます。 検査と診断現在日本では、21水酸化酵素欠損症を見つけるため、新生児スクリーニング検査を行っています。尿中の副腎皮質ホルモンと、その代謝物質を測定することで、どの酵素が欠けたのか推定することができます。症状の軽い不完全型の場合は、副腎皮質刺激ホルモンの負荷後にこれらを調べることで、ようやく診断できることもあります。 治療の方法治療の目的は、不足したコルチゾールやアルドステロンを補い、アンドロゲンの値を正常にもどすことです。下垂体からのACTHが出すぎないように、副腎皮質ステロイド薬(デキサメサゾン、フルドロコルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾンなど)の補充を行います。女児で外性器が男性的なものは1~3歳の間に形成手術を行って、形状の異常を矯正します。 病気に気づいたらどうする子どもがこの病気をもつ両親は、副腎皮質ステロイド薬ののみ方と副作用について説明を受けてください。けがや発熱で強いストレスを受けた時は医師に報告し、薬の量を増やしてもらいます。副腎皮質ステロイド薬の服用を突然やめると、急性副腎不全を起こします。なお、家系に副腎性器症候群の遺伝がある人、または副腎性器症候群の子どもをもつ人は、遺伝相談を受けることをすすめます。 崎原 哲 出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報 |
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