Fukui Prefecture - Fukui

Japanese: 福井[県] - ふくい

A prefecture located in the northwest of the Chubu region, facing the Sea of Japan. The prefectural capital is Fukui City. Area: 4,190.49 ^km2 . Population: 806,314 (2010). [History] Formerly consisting of Echizen Province and Wakasa Province, Echizen was ruled by the military governor Asakura Toshikage in Ichijodani, Asuwa County, at the end of the Middle Ages. After Renyo, the influence of Shinshu Buddhism expanded remarkably, and Ikko-ikki uprisings broke out in various places. Since Shibata Katsuie took control of Kitanosho Castle in 1575, the castle town of Fukui became the center, and during the Edo period it was divided into several domains, including the Fukui Domain of the Matsudaira clan. In the Middle Ages, Wakasa was the territory of the military governor Takeda clan and others, and during the Edo period it was the territory of the Sakai clan. In 1871, most of Echizen became Fukui Prefecture, and Wakasa became Tsuruga Prefecture, and in 1881 the two prefectures were combined to become Fukui Prefecture. [Nature] Geographically, the area is divided into the Echizen region (Reihoku) in the east and the Wakasa region (Reinan) in the west, with the border at Kinome Pass northeast of Tsuruga City. Reihoku is home to the Hakusan Mountains, which are around 1,200 meters above sea level, and the Kuzuryu River and its tributaries, the Hino River and the Asuwa River, which form the Ono and Takefu basins and the Fukui Plain. The coastal area is made up of the Kaetsu Plateau and the sand dunes of Sanrihama in the north, and the area south of Kareizaki in the south is a typical fault coast. Reinan faces Wakasa Bay, is a ria coast with many inlets and outlets, and has the Mikata Five Lakes in the center. The Nosaka Mountains are on the border with Shiga Prefecture, and there are many fault lines running north-south, and the fault valleys are important transportation routes connecting the Japan Coast with Kyoto and Kyoto. It belongs to the climate zone on the Sea of Japan side, and receives a lot of precipitation. The northern part of the region receives heavy snow, while the southern part of the region is a region that moves from the Hokuriku region to the Sanin region, and receives little snow. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 4.7% primary, 33.1% secondary, and 61.5% tertiary (2005). The rate of paddy fields is high (91.0%, 2003), and the Fukui Plain is the center of the Hokuriku region, where rice is cultivated as a single crop. There are few fields and orchards, but the region is known for its specialty products such as scallions from the Sanrihama Sand Dunes, cabbages from the Wakasa region, plums from Mikata, and daffodils around Echizen Cape. The fishing industry is active, mainly in coastal and offshore fishing, and large catches are made of migratory fish such as horse mackerel, mackerel, and yellowtail, as well as crabs, cod, flounder, and Japanese flying squid. In recent years, the cultivation of sea urchins, pufferfish, and oysters in Wakasa Bay has also become popular. In mining, the Nakatatsu mine, which produced lead and zinc, closed in 1987, and white silica and furnace silica are produced in Nanjo and Mikata counties. In terms of industry, the prefecture's manufacturing shipments were 1,747.6 billion yen (2003), ranking 4th among the four Hokuriku prefectures, but the textile, electrical equipment, chemical, and wood industries are thriving. The textile industry, which has developed since the Meiji period, especially in the northern part of the prefecture, and which has been called the textile kingdom, produces a large amount of silk, rayon, and synthetic fiber textiles, with the main production areas being the cities of Fukui, Sabae, Ono, Katsuyama, and Sakai, and Eiheiji Town (formerly Matsuoka Town). In the chemical industry, calcium nitrate, vinyl, and cellophane in Echizen City (formerly Takefu City), cement and sulfuric acid in Tsuruga, etc. are also famous for forged cutlery in Echizen City (formerly Takefu City), lacquerware and eyeglass frames in Sabae City, Japanese paper in Echizen City (formerly Imadate Town), and agate crafts and lacquerware in Obama City. The coast of Wakasa Bay, far from transportation main lines and poor in natural resources, is densely packed with more than 10 nuclear power plants, which supply electricity to the Keihanshin area. There are two national parks, Hakusan National Park and Echizen Kaga Coast-Wakasa Bay, and many tourist spots such as Awara Onsen, Tojinbo, Eiheiji Temple, and Rokuroshigahara. [Transportation] The main routes are the Hokuriku Main Line, Obama Line, National Route 8, Route 27, and Hokuriku Expressway, the Echizen-Minami Kita Line runs from Fukui City to Ono City, and the Echizen Railway and Fukui Railway lines run through Fukui City. Fukui Airport opened in Harue Town (now Sakai City), east of Fukui City, in 1966. However, regular flights were discontinued in 1976, and in 2006 the airport's air traffic control was remotely controlled from Chubu Centrair International Airport, so it is practically suspended. It is currently used for small aircraft and glider sports training. Tsuruga Port, where large long-distance ferries run to Tomakomai and other destinations, is designated as an important port and is a hub of shipping.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中部地方北西部，日本海に面する県。県庁所在地は福井市。4190.49km²。80万6314人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての越前国，若狭国の２国にあたり，越前は中世末，守護の朝倉敏景が足羽(あすわ)郡一乗谷によって治めた。蓮如以後真宗の勢力伸張も著しく，各地に一向一揆(いっき)が起こった。1575年の柴田勝家による北庄城経営以来城下町福井が中心となり，江戸期には松平氏の福井藩など数藩に分かれた。若狭は中世は守護の武田氏ら，江戸期は酒井氏の領であった。1871年越前の大半が福井県，若狭は敦賀(つるが)県となり，1881年両県が合して福井県となった。〔自然〕　地形上，敦賀市北東方の木ノ芽峠を境に東の越前地域（嶺北(れいほく)），西の若狭地域（嶺南）に分かれる。嶺北は標高1200m内外の両白山地が広がり，九頭竜(くずりゅう)川およびその支流の日野川，足羽川が流れて，大野，武生(たけふ)の盆地と福井平野を形成する。海岸部は北部に加越台地と三里浜の砂丘地があり，南部の干飯(かれい)崎以南は典型的断層海岸である。嶺南は若狭湾に面し，リアス海岸で出入に富み，中央部に三方五湖がある。滋賀との県境は野坂山地で南北方向の断層線が多く，断層谷は日本海岸と京畿を結ぶ重要な交通路となっている。日本海側の気候区に属し，降水量が多い。嶺北は深雪地帯であるが，嶺南は北陸から山陰に移る地域で，雪は少ない。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次4.7％，第２次33.1％，第３次61.5％（2005）。水田率は高く（91.0％，2003），福井平野を中心に北陸水稲単作地帯をなす。畑地，樹園地は少ないが，三里浜砂丘のラッキョウ，若狭地方のキャベツ，三方のウメ，越前岬一帯のスイセンなどの特産も知られる。水産業は沿岸，沖合漁業を中心に活発で，アジ，サバ，ブリなどの回遊魚，カニ，タラ，カレイ，スルメイカを多く漁獲，近年は若狭湾内でのウニ，フグ，カキなどの養殖も盛ん。鉱業では鉛，亜鉛の中竜鉱山が1987年閉山，南条郡，三方郡で白ケイ石，炉材ケイ石を産する。工業では県の製造品出荷額は１兆7476億円（2003）で北陸４県でも４位であるが，繊維・電気機器・化学・木材工業が盛んである。特に嶺北を中心に明治以降発展，繊維王国といわれてきた繊維工業では，絹・人絹・合成繊維織物を多産，主産地は福井・鯖江・大野・勝山・坂井の各市，永平寺町（旧松岡町）である。化学工業は越前市（旧武生市）の石灰窒素，ビニル，セロハン，敦賀のセメント，硫酸などがある。越前市（旧武生市）の打刃物，鯖江市の漆器と眼鏡わく，越前市（旧今立町）の和紙，小浜市のメノウ細工と漆器なども有名。交通幹線に遠く資源にも恵まれない若狭湾沿岸には10基以上の原子力発電所が密集し，京阪神へ電力を供給している。白山国立公園，越前加賀海岸・若狭湾の２国定公園があり，芦原(あわら)温泉，東尋坊，永平寺，六呂師ヶ原など観光地が多い。〔交通〕　北陸本線と小浜線，国道８，27号線，北陸自動車道が幹線で，福井市から大野市方面へ越美北線が通じ，福井市を中心にえちぜん鉄道，福井鉄道の各線が通じる。福井市東隣の春江町（現・坂井市）に1966年，福井空港が開港した。しかし，1976年に定期便が廃止され，2006年には空港の管制業務が中部国際空港からの遠隔管制となり事実上休止状態。現在は小型機やグライダースポーツの訓練に利用されている。苫小牧などへ長距離大型フェリーが通じる敦賀港は重要港湾に指定され，海運の一中心である。
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