…However, the scientific basis for this therapy is new, beginning with T. de Bordeaux's idea in 1775 that the phenomena observed in animals after castration were due to the lack of substances produced in the reproductive glands and secreted into the blood. This idea was demonstrated in 1849 by Arnold A. Berthold (1803-61). By transplanting testicles into castrated male chickens, it was possible to completely restore the missing sexual characteristics. … From [Male Hormones]…Adult men secrete 2.5-11 mg per day, and women secrete about 0.5 mg from the adrenal glands. The idea that the testes secrete some special substance into the bloodstream began in 1849, when A.A. Berthold discovered that when he transplanted testes into castrated roosters, their atrophied combs and crowing returned to their original state. In 1931, A.J. Butenandt succeeded in extracting the active substance androsterone as crystals from men's urine, but subsequent research demonstrated that this substance was a metabolic product of hormones. Testosterone, the true male hormone secreted from the testes, was isolated as crystals by Laqueur et al. (1935), and was also synthesized by Leopold Ruzička et al. in the same year. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Berthold, AA" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかしこの療法に科学的根拠が与えられたのは新しく,去勢後の動物に現れる諸現象が,生殖腺で産生され血中に分泌される物質の欠如に基づくという,1775年T.deボルドゥの考え方に始まる。この考え方は,1849年ベルトルトArnold A.Berthold(1803‐61)により実証された。去勢したオスのニワトリに睾丸を移植することによって,欠損した性徴を完全に回復させることができたのである。… 【男性ホルモン】より…成人男性では1日2.5~11mg,女性では副腎から約0.5mg分泌される。 精巣から何か特殊な物質が血中に出ると考えられるようになったのは,1849年にバーソールドA.A.Bertholdが去勢した雄鶏に精巣を移植すると,萎縮したとさかや鳴声などがもとの状態に戻ることを見いだしたときからである。その後1931年ブテナントA.F.J.Butenandtが男性尿から活性物質アンドロステロンを結晶として取り出すことに成功したが,この物質はホルモンの代謝産物であることがその後の研究で立証され,精巣から分泌される真の男性ホルモンであるテストステロンが結晶として分離されたのはラクールLaqueurらの研究(1935)によってであり,同年,ルジカLeopold Ruzičkaらによって合成も行われた。… ※「Berthold,A.A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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