Gyeonggi-do

A province in the north of South Korea (Republic of Korea) facing the Yellow Sea. It has an area of ​​10,135.21 square kilometers and a population of 8,937,752 (2000). It consists of 23 cities and 8 counties. Its capital is Suwon. The Gwangju Mountains run from northeast to southwest, forming highlands in the northeastern area around Gapyeong and Pocheon, and lowering as it goes west, with the Gimpo Plain in the lower reaches of the Han River and the Anseong Plain in the south. The Namhan River and Bukhan River join at Yangsu-ri in the province, and flow through Seoul into the Yellow Sea. The Imjin River in the north joins the Hantan River upstream and joins it at the mouth of the Han River. The Anseong River flows in the south. The coastline is curved and has many peninsulas, capes and bays, and there are over 150 islands, including Ganghwa Island, Daebudo Island, Deokjeokdo Island and Yeongjongdo Island. The tidal range is large, and tidal flats have developed which are used for salt fields, aquaculture and land reclamation. Winters are cold due to the influence of northwesterly monsoons, and summers are hot and humid. Due to the topography, the inland areas in the middle reaches of the Han River and Imjin River are heavy rainfall areas with an annual rainfall of over 1,200 mm, while the coastal areas are light rainfall areas with only 900 mm.

The main agricultural products are rice, wheat, beans, and potatoes, with rice being produced in abundance in the areas of Yeoju, Icheon, and Gimpo along the Han River, and in the areas of Anseong and Pyeongtaek along the Anseong River. In recent years, horticulture and dairy farming have developed significantly, backed by major consumer areas such as Seoul, Incheon, and Suwon, and ginseng cultivation is thriving in Ganghwa and Gimpo. The coast of Gyeonggi Bay is a good fishing ground, producing large catches of corbicula, hairtail, and shrimp, and the corbicula morning market in spring on Yeonpyeong Island is particularly famous. Salt fields extend across the Sorae and Namdong areas near Incheon. The province is Korea's largest industrial zone, with a variety of light industries, including food, textiles, chemicals, metals, and machinery, as well as heavy chemical industries, centered around Incheon, Bucheon, Anyang, and Suwon. Various forms of transportation, including railroads, roads, sea, and air, are also well developed. There are many scenic spots and historical sites, such as Seoho and Banghwasuiryujeong in Suwon, Dobongsan and Mangwolsa in Uijeongbu, Soyosan, Songchu, and Paldang in Yangju, Jeondeungsa in Ganghwa, and Yongmunsa in Yangpyeong.

[Mori Seiu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

韓国（大韓民国）北部、黄海に面する道。面積1万0135.21平方キロメートル、人口893万7752（2000）。23市8郡からなる。道庁所在地は水原(すいげん／スウォン)市。広州山脈が北東から南西に走り、北東部の加平、抱川一帯に高地を形成し、西に行くにつれて低くなり、漢江(かんこう／ハンガン)下流域に金浦(きんぽ／キムポ)平野、そして南部に安城平野が展開する。本道の両水里で南漢江と北漢江が合流し、ソウルを経て黄海に注ぐ。北部の臨津江(りんしんこう／リムチンカン)は上流で漢灘江(かんなんこう)をあわせ、漢江河口でこれに合流する。南部には安城川が流れる。海岸線は屈曲し、半島、岬、湾が多く、江華島(こうかとう／カンホワド)をはじめ大阜(たいき)島、徳積島、永宗島など150余個の島がある。潮汐(ちょうせき)の干満の差が大きく、干潟地が発達して塩田、養殖、干拓などに利用される。冬は北西季節風の影響で寒く、夏は高温多湿である。内陸の漢江、臨津江中流地域は地形的影響で年降水量が1200ミリメートル以上の多雨地であり、海岸地方は900ミリメートルの少雨地である。

　主要農産物は米、麦類、豆類、いも類などであり、とくに米は漢江流域の驪州(れいしゅう／イヨチュ)、利川(りせん／イチョン)、金浦一帯と、安城川流域の安城、平沢一帯で多く産出される。最近、ソウル、仁川(じんせん／インチョン)、水原など大消費地を背景に園芸農業と酪農が大きく発達しており、江華、金浦ではチョウセンニンジンの栽培が盛んである。京畿湾沿岸はよい漁場で、イシモチ、タチウオ、エビなどが多くとれ、とくに延坪島(えんぺいとう／ヨンピョンド)などの春のイシモチの朝市は有名である。仁川付近の蘇莱(そらい)、南洞一帯には塩田が広がる。本道は、食料品、紡績、化学、金属、機械など各種軽工業と、仁川、富川、安養、水原などを中心に重化学工業とが発達し、韓国第一の総合工業地帯をなしている。また、鉄道、道路、海上、航空など各種交通が発達している。水原の西湖と訪花随柳亭、議政府の道峰山、望月寺、楊州(ようしゅう)の逍遙(しょうよう)山、松湫(しょうしゅう)、八堂、江華の伝燈(でんとう)寺、楊平の龍門(りゅうもん)寺など名勝、古跡が多い。

［森　聖雨］

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