Foster, Jodie

Japanese: フォスター（英語表記）Foster, Jodie

Born November 19, 1962 in Los Angeles, California. American film actress. Real name Alicia Christian Foster. She made her debut in a television commercial at a young age, and later worked as a child actor in television dramas. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her precocious and nuanced performance as Iris, a 12-year-old prostitute who becomes obsessed with the protagonist's driver, in Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976). She graduated with honors from Yale University in 1985, and made a relatively smooth transition to adult acting. She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for both roles, playing a rape victim who fights against the injustice of the judicial system in The Accused (1988) and an FBI trainee who delves into the psychology of a serial killer in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Since the 1990s, she has branched out beyond acting, making her directorial debut with Little Man Tate (1991), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for Nell (1994), which she co-produced.

Foster
Foster, Sir Norman Robert

Born June 1, 1935, Manchester. British architect. Studied architecture and urban planning at Manchester University, graduating in 1961. He then studied at Yale University, where he formed Team 4 with R. Rogers while still a student. After earning his master's degree in 1963, he returned to the UK, and went independent in London in 1967. In 1979, he was selected to participate in a design competition commissioned by the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and completed this work in 1986, which brought him instant attention. His style of work, which uses high-tech design and attempts to fuse humans and the environment, includes the Renault Parts Distribution Centre in the UK (1983) and the BBC Radio Centre (1983), and in 1983 he won a gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). In 1991, he completed Century Tower in Tokyo in partnership with Obayashi Corporation.

Foster
Foster, William Zebulon

Born February 25, 1881 in Taunton, Massachusetts.
[Died] September 1, 1961. Moscow American politician. After graduating from elementary school, he worked as a railroad worker, a sailor, etc. before joining the Socialist Party in 1900. In 1909 he joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and was active as a leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) during the steel strike in 1919. In 1921 he joined the Communist Party and devoted himself to educating workers. In 1932 he handed party leadership over to E. Browder due to illness. In 1945, with the support of the leadership of the International Communist Party, he began to rebuild the party and became its national chairman. In 1950 he was imprisoned along with other Communist Party officials for violating the Smith Act, but was excluded from the trial for health reasons. In February 1957 he became the party's honorary chairman.

Foster
Foster, Sir Michael

Born March 8, 1836 in Huntington
[Died] January 29, 1907, London. British physiologist. Studied at the University of London, travelled to Paris, returned to teach physiology at his alma mater, and became a lecturer in physiology at Cambridge University in 1870, and a professor from 1883 to 1903. Founded the physiological journal "The Journal of Physiology." He studied the physiology of cardiac contraction and was also known as a medical historian. His main works include Textbook of Physiology (1876) and Lectures on the History of Physiology (1901).

Foster
Foster, Stephen Collins

Born July 4, 1826 in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania.
[Died] January 13, 1864, New York American composer and lyricist. He began his musical career at the age of 18, and wrote lyrics and music for the minstrel show, the largest form of popular entertainment at the time. He composed about 200 songs, including southern black spirituals. He was not financially well off, and died at the age of 37 in poverty and solitude. His major works are "Kentucky Home" and "Old Black Joe".

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1962.11.19. カリフォルニア，ロサンゼルス
アメリカ合衆国の映画女優。本名 Alicia Christian Foster。幼い頃テレビコマーシャルでデビューし，その後はテレビドラマの子役として活躍。マーティン・スコセッシ監督の『タクシードライバー』Taxi Driver（1976）で主人公の運転手が執着する 12歳の娼婦アイリスに扮し，早熟で陰影のある演技でアカデミー賞助演女優賞にノミネートされた。1985年エール大学を優等で卒業し，比較的順調に大人の女優へと転身を遂げる。『告発の行方』The Accused（1988）では司法制度の不公正と闘うレイプ被害者を，『羊たちの沈黙』The Silence of the Lambs（1991）では連続殺人犯の心理に迫る連邦捜査局 FBI訓練生を演じ，ともにアカデミー賞主演女優賞を獲得。1990年代以降は女優以外の領域にも進出し，『リトルマン・テイト』Little Man Tate（1991）で監督デビューを果たす。共同で制作を手がけた『ネル』Nell（1994）ではアカデミー賞主演女優賞にノミネートされた。

フォスター
Foster， Sir Norman Robert

[生]1935.6.1. マンチェスター
イギリスの建築家。マンチェスター大学で建築と都市計画を学び，1961年に卒業。その後，エール大学に学び，在学中に R.ロジャースとチーム4を結成。 63年修士号取得後，イギリスに戻り，67年ロンドンで独立。 79年香港上海銀行の指名設計競技に入選，86年に完成，この作品で一躍注目を集めた。ハイテックなデザインを用いながら，人間と環境の融合を試みる作風で，ほかに英国ルノー部品配送センター (1983) ，BBCラジオセンター (83) などがあり，83年 RIBA (イギリス王立建築家協会) 金賞受賞。 91年には東京に大林組とパートナーシップを組んだセンチュリー・タワーが完成している。

フォスター
Foster， William Zebulon

[生]1881.2.25. マサチューセッツ，トーントン
[没]1961.9.1. モスクワ
アメリカの政治家。小学校卒業後，鉄道員，海員などを経て 1900年社会党に入党。 09年世界産業労働者連盟 IWWに加入し，19年の鉄鋼ストライキに際しアメリカ労働総同盟 AFLの指導者として活躍。 21年共産党に入り，労働者教育に献身。 32年病のため党の指導を E.ブラウダーにまかせた。 45年国際共産党指導部の支持を受け，党の再建に着手，党全国委員長となった。 50年他の共産党幹部とともにスミス法違反で入獄したが，健康上の理由で裁判からは除外された。 57年2月党名誉委員長。

フォスター
Foster， Sir Michael

[生]1836.3.8. ハンティントン
[没]1907.1.29. ロンドン
イギリスの生理学者。ロンドン大学で学び，パリに遊学，帰国して母校で生理学を教え，1870年にケンブリッジ大学の生理学講師，83年から 1903年まで教授。生理学雑誌"The Journal of Physiology"を創刊した。心臓収縮の生理を研究し，また医史学者としても知られる。主著『生理学教科書』 Textbook of Physiology (1876)，『生理学史』 Lectures on the History of Physiology (1901)。

フォスター
Foster， Stephen Collins

[生]1826.7.4. ペンシルバニア，ローレンスビル
[没]1864.1.13. ニューヨーク
アメリカの作曲家，作詞家。 18歳で音楽の道に入り，当時最大の大衆娯楽ミンストレル・ショーのために作詞，作曲し，アメリカ南部の黒人霊歌などを取入れた約 200曲の歌を作曲した。経済的には恵まれず，貧困と孤独のうちに 37歳で世を去った。主作品『ケンタッキーのわが家』『オールド・ブラック・ジョー』。

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