Hirose Tanso

He was an educator, Chinese poet, virtuous man, and Confucian scholar in the late Edo period. He was from Hita, Bungo Province (Hita City, Oita Prefecture). He was the older brother of Kyokuso. He was commonly known as Toranosuke in his childhood, then Genkan, and Motome when he grew up. His name was first Kan, and later Ken. He first changed his pen name to Renkei, and later to Shiki. He is best known for his pen name Tanso, but in his childhood he was called Kirin, and later Seikei, Reiyo, and Master of Enshiro. After his death, his disciples gave him the posthumous name of Bungen Sensei. He was born as the eldest son of a merchant family, but he handed over the family headship to his younger brother and devoted himself to the arts and sciences and education.

As an educator, he trained 3,081 students at the Kan'i-en school, including such scholars as Takano Choei, Omura Masujiro, Cho Sanshu, and Okuma Kotomichi. As a Chinese poet, he is known for the poem "Stop talking about the way, for there are many hardships in other countries. Those who wear the same robe naturally become close to each other. When I go out to the brushwood door at dawn, the frost is like snow. You draw water from the river, and I gather firewood." He also wrote the poetry collection "Enshiro Shisho" (1837, 1849). As a virtuous man, he accumulated 16,125 good deeds in the Manzenbo, a record of his moral reflections. This was the result of 18 years and 10 months of hard work. As a Confucian scholar, he confessed to "admiring the teachings of Laozi," but since many of his statements lean toward Cheng Zhu, it is safe to say that, even if he was not a follower of the Zhu Xi school, he was at least a sympathizer of Zhu Xi (Zhu Xi).

[Tetsushi Furukawa June 20, 2016]

"Series on Japanese Thinkers 35: Hirose Tanso and Hirose Kyokuso" (1978, Meitoku Publishing), written by Toyohiko Kudo and supervised by Seiichi Uno and others ; "The Thoughts of Hirose Tanso" (Japanese Intellectual History Quarterly 19, 1983, Pelican Publishing), edited by the Japanese Intellectual History Discussion Group

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸後期の教育家、漢詩人、徳行家、儒学者。豊後(ぶんごのくに)国日田(ひた)（大分県日田市）の人。旭荘の兄。通称を幼時は寅之助(とらのすけ)、ついで玄簡(げんかん)、長じて求馬(もとめ)と称し、名は初め簡、のち建。字(あざな)は初め廉卿(れんけい)、のち子基(しき)と改めた。号は淡窓がもっとも知られているが、幼時は亀林(きりん)、のちに清渓(せいけい)、苓陽(れいよう)、遠思楼(えんしろう)主人など。没後門人が諡(おくりな)して文玄(ぶんげん)先生という。商家の長男に生まれたが、家督は弟に譲って学芸と教育に専念した。

　教育家としては、学塾咸宜園(かんぎえん)において3081人の門弟を養成し、そのなかには高野長英(たかのちょうえい)、大村益次郎(おおむらますじろう)、長三洲(ちょうさんしゅう)、大隈言道(おおくまことみち)などがあった。漢詩人としては、「道(い)ふことを休(や)めよ他郷苦辛多しと。同袍(どうほう)友有り自(おのずか)ら相親しむ。柴扉暁(さいひあかつき)に出づれば霜(しも)雪の如(ごと)し。君は川流(せんりゅう)を汲(く)め、我は薪(たきぎ)を拾はん」の一首で知られ、詩集『遠思楼詩鈔(えんしろうししょう)』（1837、1849）がある。徳行家としては、道徳的反省の記録である『万善簿(まんぜんぼ)』に1万6125の善を積んだ。これが18年10か月間の成果であった。儒学者としては、「老子ノ学ヲ好メリ」と告白しているが、程朱(ていしゅ)に傾いた発言が多いから、朱子学派ではなくても、朱子（朱熹(しゅき)）のシンパぐらいではあったとみてよい。

［古川哲史　2016年6月20日］

『工藤豊彦著、宇野精一他監修『叢書日本の思想家35　広瀬淡窓・広瀬旭荘』（1978・明徳出版社）』▽『日本思想史懇話会編「広瀬淡窓の思想」（『季刊日本思想史19』1983・ぺりかん社）』

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