This refers to a structure found in the chloroplasts of algae and bryophytes (except for cyanobacteria and charophytes). In brown algae and flagellated algae, they protrude like warts from the surface of the chloroplast, while in red algae and chlorophytes, they are embedded within the chloroplast. They are also called starch-forming bodies because starch and assimilated substances surround the pyrenoid matrix. However, because some pyrenoid matrix contains thylakoid membranes (thin layers that are the structural units of chloroplasts) or parts of the nucleus, they are also thought to be enzyme reservoirs. [Makoto Yoshizaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
藍藻(らんそう)植物、車軸藻植物を除く藻類とコケ植物類の葉緑体にみられる構造体をいう。褐藻植物、鞭毛(べんもう)藻類のあるものでは葉緑体の表面からいぼ状に突出し、紅藻植物、緑藻植物では葉緑体内に埋まっている。ピレノイド基質の周りをデンプンや同化物質が取り囲んでいることから、デンプン形成体とよぶこともある。しかし、ピレノイド基質の中にチラコイドラメラ(葉緑体の構造単位となる薄い層)が陥入しているものや、核の一部が陥入しているものもあることなどから、酵素の貯蔵所とも考えられている。 [吉崎 誠] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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