Bhil (Beer tribe)

Japanese: ビール族 - ビールぞく（英語表記）Bhīl

A scheduled tribe in India. Population: 2.5 million. Distributed throughout western India, centered in southern Rajasthan, but some also extend into central India. They have a strong tendency to assimilate into the customs of the various regions in which they live. They tend to use the languages of the surrounding areas, and it is estimated that only a small proportion of the population speaks Bir, a similar Gujarati language. Originally, they were mainly subsistence farmers cultivating millet in the mountains, and included nomadic farmers practicing slash-and-burn agriculture, but there were also many areas where social differentiation such as landlords could be seen. Their cultural characteristics include tracing kinship through patrilineal lineage, the prevalence of burials, and the relative ease of divorce. They also include groups such as the Biraras, who are somewhat Hindu, and the Meenas, who were distinguished in modern times. There are also many Muslims.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

インドの指定部族民の一つ。人口約 250万。ラージャスターン州南部を中心として，西インド全域に分布するが，一部は中央インドにも広がる。広範な居住地各地の習慣に同化する傾向が強い。周辺地域の言語を用いることが多く，類グジャラート語のビール語を話す人口は全体の一部にすぎないと推定される。もともとは山地の自給的雑穀栽培農民を主体とし，焼畑を営む移動的農民を含む一方，地主などの社会的分化のみられる地域も少くなかった。親族が父系をたどること，土葬の多いこと，離婚が多少容易であることなどが文化的特徴である。ややヒンドゥー化の強いビーラーラや，近代になって区別されたミーナなどの集団も含まれる。イスラム教徒も多い。

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