Hiranogo - Hiranogo

Japanese: 平野郷 - ひらのごう

This town was located in Sumiyoshi-gun, Settsu Province, and is now the area around Hirano in Hirano-ku, Osaka City. It was also called Hirano-gocho, and its town was on the west bank of the Hirano River, surrounded by a moat. It was a key point of land transportation, with the Nara, Yao, and Osaka roads passing through it, and the starting point of the Naka-Takano-gun road. It was also a distribution center for goods, with the Kashiwara ships sailing through the waterway leading to the Hirano River. It was also home to the Dainenbutsu-ji Temple, the head temple of the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect, and was a bustling temple town. In ancient times, it belonged to Kumatago in Sumiyoshi-gun (Wamyo-sho), and in the Middle Ages, it was the site of Kumatago-sho. Kumatago-sho was also called Hirano-sho, and in the late Middle Ages, a town was formed within the manor, and although it was small in size, it was an autonomous city comparable to Sakai in Senshu. In a letter written by Frois in 1584, he wrote, "There is a very good town, one and a half miles across from Sakai. The village is completely surrounded by bamboo, like a castle, and is called Hirano. (Omitted) It is a village of very wealthy people. However, with the construction of Osaka Castle and the castle town underway at the time by Hashiba Hideyoshi (Toyotomi Hideyoshi), many of the local merchants were forced to move to Osaka and Tennoji. Furthermore, during the Siege of Osaka, the town was burned down by Toyotomi forces, but in 1615, the local wealthy merchant Suekichi Yoshiyasu was appointed as the magistrate of Hirano Manor in recognition of his cooperation with the Tokugawa clan, and reorganized the town and restored it. The land stipulations of the Taiko survey in 1594 were over 4,805 koku, and at the time of reconstruction there were 552 houses. The land stipulations of the survey in 1679 were over 5,619 koku. The Gocho consisted of 7 towns and 4 subordinate villages (Sangyo). The town was a diamond shape measuring 440 ken east to west and 550 ken north to south, surrounded by a moat about 4 ken wide and earthen walls of at least 1 ken wide and high, and divided into a grid pattern. In the Edo period, each town was individually taxed, and the residents were considered farmers, but the 552 household taxes were also determined. Each of the 7 towns had a town meeting hall with 2-3 elders, and each Sango had 3-4 village elders. These were managed by 5 general elders at the general meeting hall and were responsible for administration. The main industries in Sango were cotton cultivation and ginning, and in 1706, 116 of the 224 cho of Tagata and 107 of the 131 cho of Hatakata were devoted to cotton cultivation, accounting for over 63% of the total cultivated land area. In 1761, it reached over 70%, but gradually declined thereafter. In 1801, it dropped to just over 63%, but it started to flourish again, rising to about 76% in 1845. It was also known as a major producer of ginned cotton, receiving orders from Edo and other countries and selling directly without going through Osaka merchants. In 1705, craftsmen accounted for 1,212 of the 2,625 kilns, including 166 cotton ginners, 9 cotton wholesalers, and 8 cotton wholesalers. Other notable products were Hirano sugar, medicinal herbs, and Hirano sake. The population peaked at 10,401 in 1732, then gradually decreased to 7,513 in 1836. The guardian deity of Gomachi is Kumano Gongensha (also known as Gionsha, now called Kumano Shrine), and in the Middle Ages, a miyaza (a shrine troupe) was formed as the center of the Kumano Manor's general association. Along with Osaka Tenmangu Shrine, it was also known as the deity of Renga (linked verse). In 1717, a Chinese classics school called Gansui-do was founded by local residents and continued to exist until 1872. Hirano-gocho began to decline after the late Edo period as its function as a distribution center for goods declined, but Hirano Spinning Co., Ltd. (later known as Dai Nippon Spinning Co., Ltd.) was founded there in 1893. In 1925, it was incorporated into Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City, and in 1943, it was divided into Higashisumiyoshi Ward, and in 1974, it was divided again into Hirano Ward.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

摂津国住吉郡にあった在郷町で，現在の大阪市平野区平野一帯にあたる。平野郷町ともいい，街衢(がいく)は平野川西岸にあり，環濠(かんごう)に囲まれていた。奈良街道，八尾街道，大坂街道が通り，中高野(こうや)街道の起点という陸上交通の要衝であるとともに，平野川に続く水路を通じて柏原船が就航する物資の集散地であった。また融通念仏宗本山大念仏寺があり，その門前町としても賑わった。　古代は住吉郡杭全(くまた)郷（《和名抄》）に属し，中世は杭全(くまた)荘の地。杭全荘は平野荘とも称され，中世後期には荘内に町場が形成され，規模は小さいとはいえ泉州堺に並ぶ自治都市であった。1584年のフロイスの書簡に〈堺の向う一レグワ半の所に甚だよい町がある。悉く竹をもって囲まれ，城の如くなっていて，平野と称する。（中略）甚だ富んだ人達の村である〉と記されている。しかし当時進行中の羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）による大坂築城，城下町建設に伴い，当地の商人の多くは大坂，天王寺に移住させられた。さらに大坂の陣のとき豊臣方の焼打ちにあったが，1615年当地の豪商末吉吉安が徳川氏に協力した功により平野荘代官に任命され，町割を改めて復興させた。1594年の太閤検地高は4805石余，復興時の建家552軒。1679年の検地高は5619石余。郷町は７町と属村（散郷）４で構成され，街衢は東西約440間，南北約550間の菱形で，幅４間ほどの濠と幅・高さとも１間以上の土居をめぐらせ，碁盤目状に区画されていた。江戸時代には各町は個別に高付けされており，住人は百姓として把握されていたが，552軒の軒役高も定められていた。７町には各々町会所があり，２〜３人の年寄が置かれ，散郷には各村に村年寄３〜４人がいた。これらを総会所の総年寄５名が統轄して行政を担った。主たる産業は散郷での綿作と繰綿で，1706年には田方224町余のうち116町余，畑方131町余のうち107町余が綿作にあてられ，全耕地面積の63％強を占めていた。1761年には70％強に達するが，その後しだいに下降。1801年には63％強にまで落ちたが，以後再び盛んになり，1845には約76％に上昇している。繰綿でも一大産地として知られ，江戸をはじめ諸国から注文を受け，大坂商人の手を経ないで直接売り出していた。1705年には竃数2625のうち職人が1212を占め，このうち木綿繰屋166，繰綿買問屋９，同売問屋８があった。産物はほかに平野糖，産薬，平野酒が著名。人口は1732年の１万401人をピークにその後しだいに減少し，1836年には7513人。郷町の産土神は熊野権現社（祇園社ともいい，現在の社名は杭全神社）で，中世には杭全荘の惣結合の中心として宮座が結成されていた。大坂の天満宮とともに連歌の神としても知られた。1717年郷民により漢学塾〈含翠(がんすい)堂〉が創設され，1872年まで存続した。平野郷町は江戸時代後期以降，物資の集散機能が落ちて衰退傾向を示すが，1893年には平野紡績（のち大日本紡績）が創設されている。1925年大阪市住吉区に編入，1943年分区により東住吉区，1974年さらに分区により平野区となる。

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