Hirano Shrine

It is located in Hiranomiya Honmachi, Kita Ward, Kyoto City. The deities are enshrined in two separate main buildings: Imaki no Kami in the first hall, Kudo no Kami in the second hall, Furuaki no Kami in the third hall, and Hime no Kami in the fourth hall. All of the deities are Korean kings, and are said to be gods related to Emperor Kanmu by marriage. When the capital was moved to Heian-kyo, it was transferred from Yamato (Nara Prefecture) and received the respect of the Imperial Court. It is listed in the Engishiki as one of the Myojin Taisha (Great Shrines) in a special style as one of the "Four Shrines Enshrining Hirano Deities," and was given preferential treatment as one of the 22 shrines in the mid-Heian period. The first imperial visit was made in 981 (Tengen 4) during the reign of Emperor Enyu, and the Hirano Festival, held every year in April and November on Kaminosaru Day, features the Crown Prince's offering of offerings and the Emperor's purification ritual at the Imperial Palace. Imaki-no-kami was revered as the clan deity of the Minamoto clan, Kudo-no-kami and Furuhagi-no-kami as the clan deity of the Taira clan and Takashina clan, and Hime-no-kami as the clan deity of the Oeda clan. Formerly a government-sponsored shrine. The main hall, which consists of two buildings and four halls, has a unique style known as Kasuga Hiyoku-zukuri. The annual festival is held on April 2nd.

[Takahisa Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都市北区平野宮本町に鎮座。祭神は第一殿に今木神(いまきのかみ)、第二殿に久度神(くどのかみ)、第三殿に古開神(ふるあきのかみ)、第四殿に比賣神(ひめのかみ)と、本殿二棟に別々に祀(まつ)られている。祭神はいずれも朝鮮の王にあたり、桓武(かんむ)天皇の外戚(がいせき)の神を祀ったものといわれている。平安京遷都により大和(やまと)（奈良県）から奉遷され、朝廷の尊信を受けた。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』の名神(みょうじん)大社で「平野祭神四社」と特殊な型で記され、平安中期には二十二社の一つにあげられ優遇された。円融(えんゆう)天皇の981年（天元4）初めて行幸があり、毎年4月、11月上申(かみのさる)日に行われる平野祭には、皇太子の奉幣や皇居における天皇の御禊(みそぎ)が修せられた。今木神は源氏、久度神・古開神は平氏・高階(たかしな)氏、比賣神は大枝氏の氏神として尊崇された。旧官幣大社。二棟四殿の本殿は春日比翼造(かすがひよくづくり)と称する特殊な形式をもつ。例祭4月2日。

［加藤隆久］

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