A general term for a group of freshwater fishes in the order Cypriniformes, classifying them as characins. Found in South America, there are about 20 species, including highly carnivorous and ferocious fishes, classified as one or several genera, Serrasalmus , either in the family Characidae or in the family Serrasalmidae, a separate family from characins. The body is flat and large, with a keel-shaped ventral midline bordered by sharp ridges. The jaws and teeth are powerful. The teeth are generally triangular with razor-sharp edges, with the upper and lower teeth interlocking with each other, allowing them to bite off meat with extremely sharp edges. They can reach a maximum length of 45 centimeters. Piranhas are famous as "man-eating fish" that attack horses and humans, but many of these reports are exaggerated, and there are only three or four species that are dangerous to humans. Dangerous piranhas move in large schools, and when a few of them injure their prey, the sound and smell of blood cause the school to go into a frenzy and devour the prey. These include the red piranha Serrasalmus natteri , which is widely distributed in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, and the more narrowly distributed S. piraya and S. ternetzi , which also cause harm by biting fishing nets. Tropical fish that are kept as pets include the aforementioned red piranha and spotted piranha, S. rhombeus . Although they are rather nervous fish in an aquarium, they do have the potential to cut fingers with their teeth when scooped up with a net, so care must be taken. Importation to the United States is prohibited. [Taki Yasuhiko] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
硬骨魚綱コイ目カラシン類のうち一群の淡水魚の総称。南アメリカ産で、強肉食性で獰猛(どうもう)な魚を含め約20種があり、セラサルムス属Serrasalmus1属、あるいは数属に分類され、カラシン科に含められるか、あるいはカラシンとは別科のセラサルムス科に分類される。体は扁平(へんぺい)で体高が大きく、腹中線はキール状で鋭い稜鱗(りょうりん)で縁どられている。両顎(りょうがく)と顎歯は強大である。顎歯は一般に三角形で縁辺がかみそりのように鋭く、上下の歯が交互にかみ合わさっており、きわめて鋭利に肉をかみ取ることができる。全長は最大45センチメートルに達する。 ピラニア類はウマや人間をも襲う「人食い魚」として有名であるが、かなり誇張された伝聞も多く、人間にとって危険なものは3、4種である。危険なピラニアは大群をなして移動する種類で、まず何尾かが獲物を傷つけると、その音や血のにおいなどによって群れが狂奔状態となって獲物を食い尽くす。アマゾン川やオリノコ川流域に広く分布するレッドピラニアSerrasalmus natteri、それより分布が狭いセラサルムス・ピラヤS. piraya、セラサルムス・テルネツィS. ternetziなどがそれであり、漁網を食いちぎるといった害も与える。 熱帯魚として飼育されているものには前記のレッドピラニアやスポッテッドピラニアS. rhombeusなどがある。水槽中ではむしろ神経質な魚であるが、網ですくったときなどに歯で指を切ることもあるので注意を要する。アメリカでは輸入が禁止されている。 [多紀保彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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