Allosaurus - Allosaurus (English spelling)

Japanese: アロサウルス - あろさうるす(英語表記)allosaur
Allosaurus - Allosaurus (English spelling)

It is a two-legged, aggressive carnivorous dinosaur that was discovered in the strata of the late Jurassic period of North America, dating from about 156 to 146 million years ago. It is classified as a member of the Saurischian order, Theropoda (suborder), Tetanura (infraorder), Avetheropoda, Carnosauria, Allosauroidea, and Allosauridae. It is estimated to have been about 10 meters long and weighed 2 tons. Its long tail was more than half its length, helping to balance its body. It had more than 425 bones. It had three fingers and four toes, both with sharp claws. Its teeth were also sharp, and bite marks made by these teeth were found on the tailbone of a herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, and Allosaurus footprints were found where it had stepped on a series of sauropod footprints. Calculations based on the sequence of footprints suggest that the dinosaur's running speed was as high as 30 kilometers per hour. Part of a tail vertebra was first found and it was named Antrodemus valens , but because the excavation site was unclear and the remains were too fragmentary to identify the species, scholars stopped using the name Antrodemus. However, according to naming rules, Antrodemus has priority. Complete skeletons are on display at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Ueno, Tokyo, and the Kagoshima Cultural Center. Both were American fossils donated by Ogawa Yukichi (1888-1972). Ogawa was born in Mie Prefecture and worked as a Japanese language school teacher and hotel manager in Los Angeles. He happened to visit the National Museum of Nature and Science on a visit to Japan, where he noticed that there were no dinosaur fossils in Japan (he was 74 years old at the time). When he learned that the "University of Utah Dinosaur Excavation Project" (a project to distribute a complete skeleton to each museum in the country that provided funding) was to be implemented at the Cleveland Lloyd Quarry in Utah from 1960, he donated funds to cover the cost of excavating, transporting, and assembling one dinosaur to show to Japanese children. As a result, the first dinosaur assembled in Japan was assembled over a 12-day period starting on April 14, 1964 (Showa 39), mainly by Allosaurus expert James H. Madsen Jr.

[Ikuo Obata]

[Reference item] | Tetanulae
Allosaurus skeleton
(Allosaurus fragilis) Late Jurassic period, Mesozoic era, body length 8.7m, from Utah, USA (original specimen: Natural History Museum, University of Utah) Photo / Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Image Library ">

Allosaurus skeleton


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北アメリカのジュラ紀後期、約1億5600万年~1億4600万年前の地層から産出した二本肢(あし)の凶暴な性格の肉食恐竜。分類学上は竜盤目獣脚類(亜目)テタヌラ類(下目)鳥獣脚類Avetheropodaカルノサウルス類Carnosauriaアロサウルス上科Allosauroideaアロサウルス科Allosauridaeに属する。全長約10メートル、体重2トンと推定される。長い尾は全長の半分以上にも達し、体のつり合いを保っている。骨の数は425個以上に達する。手の指は3本、足の指は4本あって、ともに鋭いつめをもつ。歯も鋭利で、この歯でかまれたと思われる歯型が草食恐竜である竜脚類の尾骨につけられていたり、竜脚類の一連の足跡の上に踏み込んだようにつけられたアロサウルスの足跡が発見されたりした。連続足跡からの計算では、走る速度は時速30キロメートルともいわれる。最初に尾椎(びつい)の一部がみつかり、アントロデムス・バレンスAntrodemus valensと命名されたが、発掘場所が明瞭(めいりょう)でなく、あまりに断片的で種の特定が困難なため、学者はアントロデムスの名を使わなくなった。しかし命名規約上はアントロデムスのほうに先取権がある。東京都上野の国立科学博物館や鹿児島市の文化センターなどに全身骨格が展示されている。ともに、小川勇吉(ゆうきち)(1888―1972)がアメリカ産の化石を寄贈したものである。小川は三重県出身で、ロサンゼルスで日本語学校教師やホテル経営などをしていたが、たまたま帰国した際に科学博物館を訪れ、日本に恐竜の化石が1体もないことに気づいた(当時74歳)。1960年からユタ州のクリーブランド・ロイド採掘場で「ユタ大学恐竜発掘計画」(資金提供をした国の博物館に全身骨格を1体ずつ配る計画)が実施されることを知り、日本の子供たちに見せるために恐竜1体分の発掘・輸送・組立て費用として基金を寄付した。これにより、1964年(昭和39)4月14日から12日間にわたりアロサウルスの専門家ジェームズ・マドセンJames H. Madsen Jr.が主となって組み立てたものが、日本で組み立てられた最初の恐竜であった。

[小畠郁生]

[参照項目] | テタヌラ類
アロサウルスの骨格
(アロサウルス・フラギリス) 中生代ジュラ紀後期 体長8.7m アメリカ ユタ州産(原標本:ユタ大学自然史博物館)写真/福井県立恐竜博物館画像ライブラリー">

アロサウルスの骨格


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Alor Setar (English spelling)

>>:  Alloxan

Recommend

Harue Koga

An avant-garde Western-style painter from the lat...

Rough copper

…In 1754 (4th year of the Horeki era), the fixed ...

Sound Pressure Level - Onatsureberu

Please see the "Sound Pressure" page. S...

Merchant Bureau - Shoshokyoku

A Chinese shipping company. In late Qing China, t...

Pyrrha

…son of Prometheus. He ruled Thessaly with Pyrrha...

Mother Complex

A term referring to excessive attachment or fixati...

Osakagawaguchi Kaihyoshinden - Osakagawaguchi Kaihyoshinden

…Also called Osaka River Mouth Sea Surface New Fi...

Gruzinskaya SSR (English spelling)

…Official name: Republic of GeorgiaSakartvelos Re...

Ox cart - Gishya

A oxcart was a house-style vehicle pulled by an o...

Commercial passenger cars

...Also, passenger cars other than mail cars and ...

Sheath-billed Plover - Sheath-billed Plover

A general term for birds in the Chionididae family...

Aphredoderus sayanus (English spelling) Aphredoderus sayanus

...Although not a target for fishing, it is impor...

Near reflex

…The pupil is a small opening in the center of th...

mata

...In addition, in a hot and humid environment, o...

Picnic - picnic (English spelling)

There are various meanings for picnics, such as f...