Nondestructive testing is a physical measurement carried out without damaging the original shape or function of industrial materials and products in order to find various defects and flaws in them, and nondestructive inspection is a method of determining whether the material can be used further based on the results of this test. In reality, however, the two are often used interchangeably. There are various test and inspection methods, and currently, (1) radiographic testing, (2) ultrasonic testing, (3) magnetic testing, and (4) penetrant testing are used. (1) and (2) are effective for detecting internal defects, (3) is effective for inspecting defects near the surface, and (4) is effective only for defects and flaws that are open to the surface of the object. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
工業材料および製品に含まれる種々の欠陥やきずを見つける目的で,原形および機能をまったくそこなうことなしに行う物理的計測を非破壊試験といい,この試験結果に基づいてさらに使用可能かどうかまでを判定するのが非破壊検査である。しかし現実には,両者を区別せずに使用することが多い。各試験・検査法があるが,現在のところ,(1) 放射線透過試験,(2) 超音波探傷試験,(3) 磁気探傷法,(4) 浸透探傷試験などが活用されている。 (1) と (2) は内部欠陥の検出に,(3) は表面近傍の欠陥検査に,(4) は物体表面に開口している欠陥やきずについてのみ有効である。
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