Isomerization

Japanese: 異性化 - いせいか(英語表記)isomerization
Isomerization

The conversion of one isomer into another by chemical or physical action. From an industrial perspective, the process of converting straight-chain paraffins with about 5 to 6 carbon atoms into branched-chain isoparaffins with a high octane number is important. Pentane and hexane are isomerized into isopentane and isohexane using catalysts such as aluminum chloride or platinum, but the production costs for improving the octane number are high, so it is often used for supplementary oil reforming.

The process by which an optically active substance changes into its enantiomers (a pair of optical isomers that are mutually opposite in a mirror image relationship) is also considered to be a type of isomerization; however, the product is often a 1:1 mixture of the dextrorotatory d- isomer and the levorotatory l- isomer, in which case it is called racemization.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

[Reference items] | Isomers | Optical isomerism | Optical activity | Racemization

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

化学的作用あるいは物理的作用によって、ある異性体を別の異性体に変化させること。工業的には、炭素原子数5~6個程度の直鎖パラフィンをオクタン価の高い分鎖イソパラフィンに変換するプロセスが重要である。塩化アルミニウムや白金などを触媒としてペンタン、ヘキサンをイソペンタン、イソヘキサンに異性化するが、オクタン価の向上に対する生産コストが高く、補助的な石油改質に利用されることが多い。

 ある光学活性体がその対掌体(互いに実像と鏡像の関係にある1対の光学異性体)に変化する過程も異性化の一つと考えられるが、その生成物が右旋性のd体と左旋性であるl体の1対1の混合物となることが多く、この場合はラセミ化とよばれる。

[岩本振武]

[参照項目] | 異性体 | 光学異性 | 光学活性 | ラセミ化

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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