A general term for marine invertebrates that have a notochord in their tails for a period of time or for life. They are also called Tunicata because all of their bodies are covered with a tunic that is secreted by the epidermis. There are three subclasses: Ascidiacea, which lose their notochord in adults and live a sessile life; Appendiculata (Larvacea), which live a planktonic life and retain a notochord; and Thaliacea (also called salps), which live a planktonic life but lack a notochord at least in adults. The subclass Cobia includes the ascidians, the subclass Appendectida includes the ascidians and the Ascidians, and the subclass Thalia includes the ascidians, salps, and luminal ascidians. To date, a total of more than 200 genera and 2,400 species have been described from all over the world, most of which belong to the subclass Cobia. Tunicates are thought to be closely related to vertebrates, of which humans are a part, and have long been attracting attention as one of the groups of organisms that can provide various clues to solving the mystery of how vertebrates evolved from invertebrates. [Teruaki Nishikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
原索動物門の1綱Urochordataで、脊索(せきさく)を生活史の一時期あるいは終生、尾部にもつ海産無脊椎動物(むせきついどうぶつ)の総称。体が、表皮により分泌形成される被嚢(ひのう)で例外なく覆われることから、被嚢類Tunicataとも称される。成体では脊索を失い固着生活する海鞘亜綱(かいしょうあこう)Ascidiacea、終生浮遊生活し脊索をもち続ける尾虫亜綱(びちゅうあこう)Appendiculata(=幼形類Larvacea)、そして終生浮遊生活するが、少なくとも成体では脊索がまったくないタリア亜綱Thaliacea(サルパ類ともよばれる)の3亜綱が区別される。海鞘類(亜綱)はホヤ類、尾虫類(亜綱)はオタマボヤ類・サイヅチボヤ類、そしてタリア類(亜綱)はウミタル類・サルパ類・ヒカリボヤ類をそれぞれ含む。これまでに世界各地から総計約200属2400種以上が記載されているが、その大部分は海鞘亜綱に属している。 尾索類は、ヒトもその一員である脊椎動物に縁続きと考えられ、脊椎動物が無脊椎動物からどのように進化してきたかの謎(なぞ)を解くための、さまざまなヒントを与えてくれる生物群の一つとして、古くから注目されている。 [西川輝昭] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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