Polish politician. Born in Lithuania to a middle-class landowner in the szlachta, a Polish aristocracy. In 1887, while studying at university, he was involved in an attempted assassination of Russian Emperor Alexander III, and was exiled to Siberia until 1892. In 1893, he joined the Polish Socialist Party, and was involved in publishing the illegal newspaper Robotnik (Worker), for which he was arrested and imprisoned. When the Russo-Japanese War broke out in 1904, he came to Japan to ask for the Japanese government's help in an uprising against Russia, but was unable to do so. He created a military organization within the Socialist Party and promoted an armed independence movement. However, this group gradually became isolated within the party, and in 1906, they left the party to create their own organization, which conducted military training. When World War I began, the country came under the command of the Austrian army, and when the German army was defeated and the Polish government was established in Warsaw, he was appointed head of state, a position he held until 1922. In 1926, amidst social unrest caused by political strife, he regained political power through a coup and established a de facto dictatorship based on the military. With the death of Piłsudski in May 1935, his support weakened, but he remains highly popular as the founding father of Poland. → Related article Sikorski Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ポーランドの政治家。ポーランドの貴族階級であるシュラフタの中流クラスの地主の子として,リトアニアで生まれた。大学在学中の1887年,ロシア皇帝アレクサンドル3世暗殺未遂事件に巻き込まれ,1892年までシベリアに流されていた。1893年ポーランド社会党に加入,非合法機関紙《ロボトニク(労働者)》の発行に従事し,逮捕,投獄もされている。1904年日露戦争が勃発すると,対ロシア蜂起を考え,日本政府に援助を求めて来日したが果たせず,社会党内に軍事組織を作り武力による独立運動を推進した。しかし彼らの一派はしだいに党内で孤立し,1906年党を出て独自の組織を作り,軍事訓練などを行っている。第1次世界大戦が始まるとオーストリア軍の指揮下に入り,ドイツ軍が敗北してワルシャワにポーランド政府が作られると,国家主席に任命され,1922年までその地位にあった。その後,政党間の抗争などで社会不安が続く中,1926年クーデタによって再び政治の実権を握り,軍隊を基盤にして事実上の独裁政治を行った。1935年5月のピウスーツキの死とともに,その支持勢力も弱体化していったが,ポーランド建国の父としての人気は高い。 →関連項目シコルスキ 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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