Born in Aleppo, Syria, he is a French linguist and professor at the École des Hautes Etudes. He is also known as Benveniste. He studied comparative grammar under Meillet, and after Meillet's death, he succeeded Meillet as professor at the Collège de France from 1937 to 1969. His main fields of research are Iranian languages, comparative grammar of Indo-European languages, and general linguistics. In 1935, he published his doctoral thesis, "The origin of noun formation in Indo-European languages," in which he clearly explained the root structure of Proto-Indo-European languages. In general linguistics, he based his theory on the theories of F. de Saussure, a Swiss linguist and the father of modern linguistics, but he placed importance on sentences that contain infinitely diverse creativity and restored the right of the "speaking subject" that utters them. In other words, after considering linguistic symbols, pronouns, verb tenses, etc., he came to propose the theory of speech acts. Forty-eight papers in this field were collected in Problems in General Linguistics I (1966) and Problems in General Linguistics II (1974). [Noritake Nagasawa, July 20, 2018] "Problems of General Linguistics, translated by Michio Kishimoto, Masao Kawamura, et al. (1983, Misuzu Shobo)" "Emile Benveniste, translated by Fumiya Kuramochi, et al., Lexicon of Indo-European Institutions 1 & 2 (1986, 1987, Gensosha)" "Language and Subject: Problems of General Linguistics, supervised by Hiroshi Abe (2013, Iwanami Shoten)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シリアのアレッポAleppo生まれのフランスの言語学者で高等研究院教授。バンベニストともいう。メイエのもとで比較文法を学び、メイエの死後、後任として1937年から1969年までコレージュ・ド・フランスの教授を務めた。おもな研究分野はイラン語、インド・ヨーロッパ諸語の比較文法および一般言語学である。1935年に博士論文『インド・ヨーロッパ語における名詞形成法の起源』を発表し、インド・ヨーロッパ祖語の語根の構造を明示した。一般言語学においては、スイスの言語学者で現代言語学の父といわれるF・ド・ソシュールの理論を踏まえつつも、無限に多様な創造性を含む文を重視し、それを発する「語る主体」を復権させた。すなわち、言語記号、代名詞、動詞の時制などに関する考察を経て、発話行為の理論を提唱するに至った。この分野における48編の論文は『一般言語学の諸問題Ⅰ』(1966)、『一般言語学の諸問題Ⅱ』(1974)にまとめられている。 [長澤宣親 2018年7月20日] 『岸本通夫・河村正夫他訳『一般言語学の諸問題』(1983・みすず書房)』▽『エミール・バンヴェニスト著、蔵持不三也他訳『インド・ヨーロッパ諸制度語彙集 1・2』(1986、1987・言叢社)』▽『阿部宏監訳『言葉と主体――一般言語学の諸問題』(2013・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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