Loin wrap - Koshimaki

Japanese: 腰巻 - こしまき
Loin wrap - Koshimaki

There are two types: (1) a type of formal clothing worn by women of the samurai class, and (2) underwear worn by women of the samurai class and commoners.

(1) This is a kosode (short sleeve) that samurai women wear from the waist down in midsummer instead of an uchikake, and there are furisode and tomesode (long sleeved kimono). The oldest painting of a woman wearing this is probably the "Portrait of the Wife of Azai Nagamasa" at Jimyoin Temple in Mount Koya. In the Edo period, it was customary for feudal lords to bring it with them as part of their dowries for ceremonial purposes. All of them are lined with black or dark red nerinuki fabric, and the patterns are all-over embroidery of treasures, or pine, bamboo, plum, cranes, turtles, and tortoiseshell patterns, making them exquisite crafts. The wearing of the loincloth is done by fastening a sash over a tea-dyed katabira, then putting on a kosode loincloth over it, fastening it with a sash, then removing both sleeves and passing the sash through them. This kosode is only for midsummer, so it is not worn unless a celebratory event is taking place during that time. The wearing of loincloths was also a part of the clothing regulations for palace ladies, but it was no longer worn after the collapse of the Edo Shogunate.

(2) An undergarment made by sewing two pieces of cloth together is called a loincloth, but originally it meant a skirt protector. In modern times, there is no distinction between the two, and it is a general term for anything that covers a woman from the waist down. In the Edo period, it was called a chikakushi (a cover for hiding a woman's private parts), and was also called futanos (two pieces of cloth) because it was made of two pieces of cotton. It was also called furo-fundoshi (bath loincloth), yugu (bath cloth), or yumaki (bath cloth) because it was a bathing tool, and was also called yumoji (bath cloth) in Yamato kotoba. Until the early Edo period, both men and women did not bathe completely naked as they do today, so this name was created. As a matter of grooming for women, four lead pins were placed at the bottom of the hem ...

From the middle of the Edo period, many women began to travel to distant places for sightseeing, sightseeing in Kyoto, visiting Ise Shrine, Narita, and Kawasaki Daishi. On the road, more and more people shod the hems of their kimonos to make it easier to move their feet, but on the other hand, red kicks were visible, so to hide them, a type of kimono called 'susoyoke', which looked like an extension of underwear, became popular in Kyoto and Osaka during the Bunkasei period (1804-1830). At the time, this kimono was called 'koshimaki', and it spread from Kamigata to Edo. Whether it was a 'nifu' or 'susoyoke', it was customary to attach strings to both ends of the top part and fasten them around the waist. However, as women's clothing changed from Japanese clothing to Western clothing, its use, along with Japanese clothing, decreased dramatically. Also, because Edo was hit by fires every year, the custom of waving a red sash or hanging it on a clothesline to warn of fires continued until the early Showa period.

[Takeshi Endo]

"Horiuchi Makoto's 'Nanki Tokugawa History, Vol. 16' (1933, Dosho Kankokai)""Ikenohata's 'Okujochu Sodekagami' (Late Edo Period, Wayo Women's University edition)"Endo Takeshi's 'Considerations on the Early Modern Bath Characters' (included in 'Shien', Vol. 11, No. 3 and 4, 1938, Rikkyo University)"

[Reference item] | Kosode | Undergarments

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

(1)武家女性の礼装用服飾の一種と、(2)武家、庶民の女性の間で肌着として用いられたものとの2種類がある。

(1)武家の女性が打掛のかわりに、盛夏の時節に、腰から下に巻き付ける小袖(こそで)仕立てのもので、これにも振袖と留袖とがある。これを着装した絵画では高野山(こうやさん)持明院にある『浅井長政(ながまさ)夫人像』が最古であろう。江戸時代、大名家では儀式用として嫁入り道具の一つにも数えられ、持参していくのを習いとした。地は、いずれも黒か黒紅色の練貫(ねりぬき)地でつくられた袷(あわせ)仕立てで、模様は宝づくし、あるいは松竹梅、鶴亀(つるかめ)と亀甲(きっこう)つなぎの総刺しゅうで、精緻(せいち)を極めた工芸品である。腰巻の着装は、茶屋染(ちゃやぞ)めの帷子(かたびら)の上に下げ帯を締め、その上に腰巻の小袖を羽織って、腰帯で留めてから、両袖をぬいで、その中に下げ帯を通しておくのである。この小袖は盛夏だけのものであるから、その間に祝儀が行われない限りは着用しない。御殿女中の間でも、衣服定めに腰巻着用が行われたが、江戸幕府崩壊後はこれを着用しなくなった。

(2)布幅二つを縫い合わせてつくった肌着のことを腰巻といっているが、元来は裾除(すそよ)けの意味である。現代では両者の区別がなく、女性の腰から下を覆うものの総称となっている。江戸時代、女性の恥部を隠すものであることから恥隠(ちかく)しといい、木綿二幅で構成されているので二布(ふたの)ともよび、また入浴用の道具であるところから風呂褌(ふろふんどし)、湯具、湯巻ともいい、これを大和詞(やまとことば)で湯文字(ゆもじ)ともいった。男女とも、江戸初期まで、現在のように真っ裸で風呂に入らなかったので、この名称ができたのである。女性の身だしなみとして、二布の裾が風に吹かれて開いたりするのを嫌って、二布の裾に4か所、鉛の鎮(しず)を入れたものである。二布の色は紅であり、年配になると水浅黄(みずあさぎ)であった。

 江戸時代中期を過ぎるころから、女性の物見遊山や京見物、伊勢(いせ)参宮、成田詣(もうで)、川崎大師詣など、遠方の地へ旅立つ者が多くなった。道中では足さばきのよいように、着物の裾をはしょるものが増え、その反面、赤い蹴出(けだ)しが見えるので、これを隠すために、下着の延長のように見える裾除けというものが、化政期(1804~30)に入って京坂から流行し始めた。この裾除けのことを当時、腰巻と称し、上方(かみがた)から江戸へ伝播(でんぱ)したのである。二布にしろ裾除けにしろ、上部の両端に紐(ひも)をつけ、それで腰部を留めるのが一般の習わしである。しかし、和服から洋服へと女性の衣生活が変化したことによって、和服とともに、その利用は激減している。また、江戸は、毎年火災に襲われるので、火災を知らせるために、赤い腰巻を振ったり、物干し棹(ざお)にかけたりする風習が、昭和の初期まで行われた。

[遠藤 武]

『堀内信著『南紀徳川史 第16冊』(1933・同書刊行会)』『池之端著『奥女中袖鏡』(幕末・和洋女子大学本)』『遠藤武「近世湯文字蹴出考」(『史苑』11巻3、4号所収・1938・立教大学)』

[参照項目] | 小袖 | 下着

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