A deciduous tall tree of the Betulaceae family (APG classification: Betulaceae). It is also called hawthorn or yachi-hannoki. It can reach a height of 20 meters. The bark is gray, and on older trees it is split vertically. The leaves are alternate, oblong, 6-13 cm long, and have shallowly cut serrated edges. It is monoecious. In autumn, it produces upright cone-like flowers that bloom in early spring. The nuts are small and flat with narrow wings. It grows in marshes and riverbanks, sometimes forming pure forests. It is distributed from Hokkaido to Kyushu, and is also found in the Ussuri region and China. It is sometimes planted in rows in paddy fields for hanging rice. The wood is used for tools, boxes, pencils, etc., and tannin is extracted from the bark for dyeing. There are about 30 species in the Alnus genus, distributed mainly in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, and 10 species are known in Japan. They are monoecious, with male inflorescences appearing on the branches from the previous autumn. They are divided into two subgenera, and in addition to Japanese alder, the Alnus subgenus includes Japanese alder, Japanese mountain alder, Japanese kawara alder, and Japanese hazu alder. The female inflorescences appear in the previous autumn and bloom in early spring, before the leaves appear. The winter buds have stalks, and many of the leaves fall off while still green in summer. The Alnus subgenus is made up of small trees or shrubs, and includes Japanese alder, Alnus japonica, Alnus dwarf alder, and Alnus largeba. The female inflorescences overwinter wrapped in winter buds, which have no stalks but have bud scales. The nuts have well-developed wings. Both subgenera are sun-loving trees that grow in wetlands, riverbanks, valley slopes in mountain areas, and rocky areas, sometimes forming pure forests. They have nodules on their roots and grow well in poor soil, so they are planted for erosion control. [Kihachiro Kikuzawa February 17, 2020] [References] | | | | | | |A deciduous tree that can reach a height of 20m. It grows in wetlands and riverbanks, and sometimes forms pure forests. The wood is used for boxes and pencils, and the bark is used for dyes. Also known as harinoki and yachihannoki ©Seishohmaru "> Alder They appear on the branches from the previous autumn, and in early spring, before the leaves appear, they hang down to the tips of the branches and bloom. ©Seishohmaru "> Male inflorescence of alder Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カバノキ科(APG分類:カバノキ科)の落葉高木。ハリノキ、ヤチハンノキともいう。高さ20メートルに達する。樹皮は灰色、老木では縦に割れる。葉は互生し、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形で長さ6~13センチメートル、縁(へり)に浅く切れ込む鋸歯(きょし)がある。雌雄同株。秋に球果状の花穂を直立し、早春に開花する。堅果は小さく扁平(へんぺい)で、狭い翼がある。湿地や川原などに生え、ときに純林をつくる。北海道から九州に分布し、ウスリー地方や中国などにもみられる。水田地帯で稲掛け用に列植されることがある。材は器具、箱、鉛筆などに用い、樹皮からはタンニンをとり、染料とする。 ハンノキ属は北半球の温帯を中心に約30種分布し、日本には10種が知られる。雌雄同株で、雄花序は前年の秋から枝上に現れる。二つの亜属に分けられ、ハンノキ亜属にはハンノキのほかにヤマハンノキ、カワラハンノキ、ミヤマカワラハンノキ、ヤハズハンノキなどがあり、雌花序は前年の秋に現れ、早春、葉に先だって開花する。冬芽に柄があり、夏季に多くの葉が緑色のまま落ちる。ミヤマハンノキ亜属は小高木または低木で、ミヤマハンノキ、ヤシャブシ、ヒメヤシャブシ、オオバヤシャブシが属する。雌花序は冬芽に包まれて越冬し、冬芽に柄はなく、芽鱗(がりん)がある。堅果は翼が発達する。両亜属ともに陽樹で、湿地、川原、山地の谷沿いの斜面、岩礫(がんれき)地などに生え、ときに純林をつくる。根に根粒がつき、やせた土地によく育つので、砂防用に植えられる。 [菊沢喜八郎 2020年2月17日] [参照項目] | | | | | | |高さ20mにも達する落葉高木。湿地や川原などに生え、ときに純林をつくる。材は箱や鉛筆などに、樹皮は染料に利用される。別名ハリノキ、ヤチハンノキ©Seishohmaru"> ハンノキ 前年の秋から枝上に現れ、早春、葉に先だって枝先に下垂し、開花する©Seishohmaru"> ハンノキの雄花序 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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