A general term for seaweeds of the genus Porphyra, family Bangiocarpaceae, that grow naturally on rocky reefs. Seaweeds of the family Bangiocarpaceae are generally reddish purple in color and have a very soft, thin, leaf-like shape. Under a microscope, they are composed of somatic cells with star-shaped plastids, and the genus Porphyra is a group of seaweeds with thin, leafy thallus made of only one or two layers of such cells. Some species of this group, such as Asakusa-nori, are cultivated in inland bays, but the majority of species are wild species that grow on rocky reefs in the open sea. These are collectively called Iwanori, Kuro-nori, Amanori, etc., and the products are sold as local specialties and souvenirs in various regions under the names Iwanori, Kuro-nori, Amano-nori, etc. From a taxonomic perspective, the species vary depending on the place of origin and even the season in the same region, but on the Pacific coasts of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, etc., Maruba-amanori and Onia-amanori are dominant. Along the Sea of Japan coast, Uppuri nori (Jurokushima nori) and Kuro nori are dominant, along the northeastern coast of Hokkaido, Tasa and Chishimakuronori are dominant, and along southern Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands, Tsukushiamanori are dominant. Iwanori species are annual seaweeds that grow profusely from winter to spring, but in extremely cold waters such as northeastern Hokkaido, they appear after the drift ice melts and grow profusely in summer, so the growing season differs depending on the area. [Moriaki Shinzaki] Food UseIwanori is grown in the rough waves of the open sea, so when it is eaten as dried seaweed like Asakusa nori, it tends to be harder and less crisp than cultivated seaweed, but it has the advantage of being colorful and fragrant. When it is used for tsukudani (food boiled in soy sauce), cultivated seaweed is too soft, so commercially available nori tsukudani generally use Hitoegusa (a green algae) as the raw material. However, in some places, it is sold under the name of the specialty "iwanori tsukudani," but its flavor is a little different from ordinary commercial products. In various parts of Japan, it has been made into paper-like products for a long time, but in Ireland, Iceland, Northern Europe, etc., the collected material is compressed into a lump and stored, and parts are often torn off as needed and used as soup ingredients or fried. The nutritional value of iwanori is the same as that of cultivated asakusa nori. [Moriaki Shinzaki] [Reference item] |A type of seaweed called Iwanori © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Uppuri Nori ©Shogakukan "> Iwanori ©Shogakukan "> Dried Upurui Nori seaweed ©Shogakukan "> Dried Human Eggplant Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
紅藻植物、ウシケノリ科アマノリ属の海藻のなかで、岩礁上に自生するものの総称。ウシケノリ科の海藻は一般に紅紫色で、きわめて柔らかい薄膜葉状形をなす。顕微鏡で見ると、星状形の色素体をもつ体細胞で構成され、このような細胞の1層ないしは2層だけでつくられる薄膜葉体をもつ仲間をアマノリ属Porphyraとよぶ。この仲間にはアサクサノリのように内湾で養殖される種もあるが、大多数の種は外海の岩礁上に生える野生種である。これらを総称してイワノリ、クロノリ、アマノリなどとよび、その製品は岩海苔または黒海苔、甘海苔などの名で、各地の名産、土産物として販売されている。分類学的にみると、産地により、また同一地区でも季節によって種が異なるが、本州、四国、九州などの太平洋岸ではマルバアマノリ、オニアマノリが優占する。日本海沿岸ではウップルイノリ(十六島海苔)とクロノリ、北海道北東部沿岸ではタサとチシマクロノリ、九州南部と南西諸島ではツクシアマノリがそれぞれ優占する。イワノリ類は冬から春にかけて繁茂する一年生藻であるが、北海道北東部のような極寒海域では、流氷が溶けたあとに現れ、夏季に繁茂するというように、地区により生育期にも相違がみられる。 [新崎盛敏] 食品利用イワノリは外海の荒波にもまれて育ったノリであるから、浅草海苔のような干しノリとして食べる場合には、養殖ノリに比べて硬く、歯切れが悪いという傾向がある反面、色沢がよく、香味が強いという利点をもつ。佃煮(つくだに)に利用する場合、養殖ノリではあまりに柔らかすぎるので、市販の海苔佃煮ではヒトエグサ(緑藻植物)を原料にするのが一般的である。しかし、所によっては、名産「岩海苔佃煮」という名をつけて売られているが、その風味は普通の市販品とはひと味違うところがある。日本の諸地方では昔から紙状の抄製品にしているが、アイルランド、アイスランド、北欧などでは、採集物を圧縮して団塊状にして保蔵し、必要に応じて一部をちぎりとって、スープの実にしたり、油炒(いた)めで食することが多い。イワノリの栄養価は養殖のアサクサノリと変わらない。 [新崎盛敏] [参照項目] |イワノリとよばれるものの一種©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> ウップルイノリ ©Shogakukan"> イワノリ ©Shogakukan"> ウップルイノリの乾燥品 ©Shogakukan"> ヒトエグサの乾燥品 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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