Functional fixedness

Japanese: 機能的固着 - きのうてきこちゃく
Functional fixedness

...For example, if you have the attitude that "a small box is something to put things in," it will prevent you from solving a problem in which you have to use the box as a candle holder (an experiment by K. Duncker). Duncker calls this "functional fixation" the state in which an element that fulfills one function in a certain context is fixed in that function and is difficult to use for other functions (necessary for problem solving). (4) Cognitive style There is still little research on the relationship between problem-solving processes and cognitive styles, but since the problem situation in problem solving is one that cannot be solved directly, it is thought that individual differences in which of several options to choose play a major role. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "functional fixedness" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…たとえば〈小箱はものを入れるもの〉という構えがあると,その小箱をろうそく立てとして利用しなければならない問題の解決を妨げる(ドゥンカーK.Dunckerの実験)。ドゥンカーはある文脈で一つの機能を満たしている要素はこの機能に固着しており,他の機能(問題解決に必要な)として用いられにくいことを機能的固着と呼んでいる。(4)認知スタイル 問題解決過程と認知スタイルとの関係の研究はまだ少ないが,問題解決における問題事態は,直接的には解決しえない事態なので,いくつかの選択肢からどれを選択するかの個人差が大きく働いてくると思われる。…

※「機能的固着」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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