Hudson's Bay Company

Japanese: ハドソン湾会社 - ハドソンわんがいしゃ(英語表記)Hudson's Bay Company
Hudson's Bay Company
The British Chartered Company, which had a monopoly on the fur trade in Canada from the 17th century to the late 19th century, was officially named "British Adventurers and Governors Engaged in Commerce in Hudson's Bay" and was formed on May 2, 1670, with a royal charter from the British King. It is believed that the Company was given a vast territory, roughly from Angeva to the Hudson Bay area in the east, to the Rocky Mountains in the west, and from the Red River basin to the Saskatchewan River system in the south. In the first century, the Company showed no interest in expanding into the interior, and waited for the Indians to come to its post on the shores of Hudson's Bay to trade with them. However, in 1774, the Company built Cumberland House on the shores of the Saskatchewan River and expanded into the interior. However, this resulted in conflicts with the North-West Company, which was formed in 1787, and in 1816, bloody tragedies such as the Seven Oaks Massacre. This competition increased the burden on both companies, and in 1821 they were forced to combine by merging the Northwest Company with the Hudson's Bay Company. Since then, the company and the British government have renewed the contract every 21 years, but just before the second renewal, the movement for Confederation in Canada was in full swing in the late 1850s, and the British government, realizing that the future was uncertain, announced in 1859 that it would not renew the charter for the Hudson's Bay Company. The Dominion of Canada, established in 1867, began negotiations to make the former Hudson's Bay Company territory in the Northwest part of Canada part of Canada, and eventually transferred all rights to the government on June 15, 1870, for a fee of 300,000 pounds and the right to claim 1/20 of the land that would become farmland in the future. The Hudson's Bay Company had already been involved in businesses other than fur trading, but today its name remains in retail businesses such as department stores in Canada.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
17世紀から 19世紀後半にいたるまで,カナダの毛皮通商を独占したイギリスの特許会社。正式名は「ハドソン湾において通商に従事するイギリス冒険家たちと総督」といい,1670年5月2日,イギリス国王の勅許を得て結成された。だいたい東はアンゲーバからハドソン湾周辺,西はロッキー山脈,南はレッド川流域からサスカチュワン水系までという広大な領域が与えられたと考えられている。初めの1世紀,会社は奥地への進出に関心を示さずハドソン湾岸の駐屯所にインディアンのほうから交易に訪れるのを待つ形をとっていたが,1774年にサスカチュワン川岸にカンバーランド・ハウスを建設したのを機に,内陸奥地へ進出した。しかしその結果,87年結成された北西会社と衝突し,1816年にはセブンオークスの虐殺のような流血の惨事も引起された。こうした競争は両会社の負担を増し,21年北西会社がハドソン湾会社に合併されるという形で結合を強いられることになった。このとき以来会社とイギリス政府は 21年ごとに契約の更新をすることになったが,2回目の更新を目前にした 1850年代末のカナダはコンフェデレーションへの運動がめざましく,前途の不確定なことを自覚したイギリス政府は,59年ハドソン湾会社への特許を更新しないと発表した。 67年に成立したカナダ自治領政府は,北西部のかつてのハドソン湾会社の領有地をカナダ領にしようと交渉を開始し,結局 30万ポンドの代償と,将来農地となる土地の 20分の1は請求できるとの条件で,70年6月 15日一切の権利を政府に譲渡した。ハドソン湾会社はすでにそれ以前から毛皮交易以外の事業にも手を出していたが,現在はカナダのデパートなど小売業にその名をとどめている。

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