German playwright. Born in Nackenheim, Rhein-Hesse, as the son of a wine brewer. After serving in the First World War, he began his theatrical career around 1920. His play The Happy Vineyard (1925), which depicts the nature and life of his hometown with humor and vitality, was well received by people who were tired of urban, avant-garde expressionist plays, and became his breakthrough work. He subsequently published popular plays such as Sinderhannes (1927) and Katharina Knie (1928), as well as the scathing social satire Captain Köpenick (1931), while also demonstrating his versatility by writing novels and film scripts. He settled near Salzburg in Austria from the mid-1920s, but in 1939 he defected to the United States and ran a farm. After World War II, he returned to Europe and achieved great success with The Devil's General (1946), which depicted the tragedy of a German soldier during the Nazi era. He continued to produce plays dealing with current themes, such as Song of Martyrs (1950), which was about the French Resistance movement, and Cold Light (1955), which featured an atomic researcher as the main character. [Yamaguchi Tomozou] "The Happy Grape Mountain, translated by Mamoru Kato (included in the Complete Works of Contemporary World Dramas 2, 1952, Hakusuisha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの劇作家。ライン・ヘッセン州のナッケンハイムにぶどう酒醸造業者の子として生まれる。第一次世界大戦に従軍したのち、1920年ころから演劇活動に入った。故郷の自然と生活をユーモアとバイタリティーに満ちた筆致で描いた戯曲『楽しい葡萄(ぶどう)山』(1925)は、都会的、前衛的な表現主義劇に倦(う)んだ人々に好評をもって迎えられ、彼の出世作となった。その後『シンダーハネス』(1927)、『カタリーナ・クニー』(1928)のような民衆劇風な作品や、痛烈な社会風刺劇『ケーペニックの大尉』(1931)を発表するかたわら、小説や映画シナリオにも手を染めるなど多才ぶりを発揮した。1920年代なかばからオーストリアのザルツブルク近郊に居を定めていたが、39年にアメリカに亡命して農場を経営した。第二次大戦後ヨーロッパに帰り、ナチス時代のドイツ軍人の悲劇を描いた『悪魔の将軍』(1946)で大成功を収め、引き続き、フランスのレジスタンス運動を題材にした『殉難の歌』(1950)、原子力研究者を主人公にした『冷たい光』(1955)など、時局的なテーマを扱った戯曲を発表している。 [山口知三] 『加藤衛訳『たのしいぶどう山』(『現代世界戯曲全集2』所収・1952・白水社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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