A general term for lizards belonging to the Agamidae family of the Squamata order of the Reptilia class. The Agamidae family is a large group of about 30 genera and 300 species, including the Japarula polygonata agroecostume found in the Ryukyu Islands and the Chlamydosaurus kingii frilled lizard found in Oceania, and is widely distributed from southwestern Europe to southern Asia, Africa, and Oceania. It is thought that this group evolved from the ancestor of primitive iguanidae lizards and prospered in the Old World, replacing the iguanidae. However, it did not reach Madagascar, the Fiji Islands, and the Tonga Islands across the sea, where the iguanidae are still found today. The main differences between iguanas and lizards are the shape of their teeth, their angular heads with ornamental scales and throat ornaments, and their well-developed tails and limbs. Most of them are around 30cm long, with the largest being Hydrosaurus amboinensis at 90cm, and the smallest being Phrynocephalus helioscopus at 12cm. Most are arboreal, but some terrestrial species dig holes in the sandy desert. They are mainly carnivorous, some omnivorous, and a few herbivorous. Some, such as the capuchin agama Cophotis ceylanica, are oviparous, while others are oviparous. As seen in the African rainbow agama Agama agama , a representative species of this family, males have territories during the breeding season, and display their bodies by spreading their throat pouches and changing their body color to show off to females and rival males. As a result of adaptive radiation, many species have taken up residence in environments such as deserts and wastelands, where they exhibit unique ecology. For example, when the Arabian desert sand lizard poses with its limbs stretched out and its mouth open, special folds on either side of its mouth make it appear twice as large, enhancing the menacing effect, while the African spiny uromastyx acanthinurus uses its spiny tail as a powerful defensive weapon when retreating to its burrow. [Takahiro Matsui] ©Takahiro Matsui "> Major types of lizards (2) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
爬虫(はちゅう)綱有鱗目(ゆうりんもく)アガマ科に属するトカゲの総称。同科Agamidaeは、南西諸島産のキノボリトカゲJaparula polygonataやオセアニア産のエリマキトカゲChlamydosaurus kingiiなどを含む約30属300種に及ぶ大きなグループで、ヨーロッパ南西部から南アジア、アフリカ、オセアニアに広く分布する。原始的なイグアナ科のトカゲの祖先型から分化した一群で、旧大陸でイグアナ科にとってかわり繁栄したものと考えられている。しかし海を隔てたマダガスカル島、フィジー諸島、トンガ諸島には至らず、それらには現在なおイグアナ科が分布している。イグアナとのおもな相違は歯の形が異なる点で、角張った頭部に飾り鱗(うろこ)やのど飾りのあるものが多く、尾と四肢が発達している。大半が全長30センチメートル前後で、大はホカケトカゲHydrosaurus amboinensisの90センチメートル、小はスナジアガマPhrynocephalus helioscopusの12センチメートルぐらいの範囲である。ほとんどが樹上性で、地上性には砂漠の砂地に穴を掘ってすむものもある。主として肉食性で、一部が雑食性、少数が草食性。オマキアガマCophotis ceylanicaなど一部が卵胎生のほかは卵生である。本科の代表種といえるアフリカ産レインボーアガマAgama agamaにみられるように、雄は繁殖期には縄張りがあり、雌やライバルの雄に対してのどの飾り袋を広げ体色を変化させてディスプレーを行う。適応放散の結果、砂漠や荒れ地のような環境にも多くの種類がすみつき、特異な生態をみせている。たとえばアラビアの砂漠にすむスナジアガマは、四肢を突っ張り、口を開いて威嚇ポーズをとると、口の両側にある特殊なひだによって口が2倍にも大きくみえ、脅しの効果を高めている。アフリカ産のトゲオアガマUromastyx acanthinurusでは隠れ穴に逃げ込んだとき、とげだらけの尾が防衛用の強力な武器となる。 [松井孝爾] ©松井孝爾"> トカゲのおもな種類(2)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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