Ergot parasitizes grasses, especially rye ears, and forms bonito-shaped sclerotia. It grows to about 3 cm long and 5 mm wide. Its outer surface is purple and highly toxic. Ingesting wheat flour containing ergot causes poisoning. 12 types of ergot alkaloids (three groups: ergobasine, ergotoxine, and ergotamine) have been found in ergot. The psychedelic drug lysergic acid (LSD) is made from these alkaloids. In traditional Chinese medicine, ergot is harvested before the ears fall and used as a hemostatic agent, but it is also used in obstetrics to induce labor and uterine contraction by applying smooth muscle contraction. The reddish-brown extract obtained by leaching it with chloroform is called ergot extract, and has been used for medical purposes since ancient times. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
バッカクキンがイネ科の植物,特にライムギの穂に寄生して,かつお節形の菌核となったもの。長さ 3cm,幅 5mmぐらいになる。外面は紫色で毒性が強い。麦角を含有している麦粉を食べると中毒症状を呈する。特有の麦角アルカロイドは 12種 (エルゴバシン,エルゴトキシン,エルゴタミンの3群) が検出されている。このアルカロイドからサイケデリック剤のリゼルギン酸 (LSD) がつくられる。漢方では落穂前に採取して止血薬に用いるが,産科の領域でも平滑筋収縮を応用して陣痛促進や子宮収縮に用いている。クロロホルムで浸出してできる赤褐色のエキスを麦角エキスといい,古くから医用に供されている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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