Weight - Weight

Japanese: 重さ - おもさ
Weight - Weight

The strength of gravity acting on an object. It is also called weight. The gravity acting on an object on Earth is the combined force of the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the object and the centrifugal force due to the Earth's rotation, but both are proportional to the mass of the object, so gravity is also proportional to the mass. As proof of this, if air resistance were eliminated and an object were allowed to fall solely due to gravity, all objects would fall at exactly the same speed. When an object is dropped from a fixed location and not too high, it has a constant acceleration g (g = 9.8 m/ s2 , which is called the gravitational acceleration), so according to the laws of motion, an object with a mass of m kilograms is subjected to a gravity of m g Newtons. Therefore, to measure mass, we often measure the weight and compare it with a standard object. Since mass is a quantity that represents the magnitude of inertia, an object with a large mass not only feels heavy when lifted, but also feels heavy when moving or stopping it horizontally on a smooth horizontal surface without friction, and we feel its "weight" in the sense of being sluggish. If we take it to the surface of the moon, the downward gravity is much smaller, but the horizontal resistance is exactly the same. In that sense, mass m is a quantity specific to an object and is the same wherever you take it, but weight m g is not so universal. When expressing weight, m ​​g Newtons are often called m kilogram-force or m kilogram-force. When an object is placed in a fluid, buoyancy acts on it, so the remainder after subtracting buoyancy from the true weight is felt as the apparent weight.

[Koide Shoichiro]

[Reference] | Gravity

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物体に働く重力の大きさ。重量ともいう。地上の物体が受ける重力は、地球が物体に及ぼす万有引力と、地球の自転による遠心力の合力であるが、どちらも物体の質量に比例するので、重力も質量に比例する。その証拠に、空気の抵抗をなくして完全に重力だけで落下させた場合、すべての物体はまったく同じ速さで落ちていく。一定の場所であまり高くない所から落とす場合の運動は、一定の加速度g(g=9.8m/s2 重力加速度という)をもつので、運動の法則により、質量mキログラムの物体にはmgニュートンの重力が作用していることになる。それで、質量を測るには、重さを測って標準物体と比べることが多い。質量は慣性の大きさを表す量であるから、質量の大きい物体は持ち上げたときに重く感じるだけでなく、たとえば摩擦のない滑らかな水平面上で水平に動かしたり止めたりするときにも手ごたえが大きく、鈍重という意味の「重さ」を感じる。月の表面などへもっていけば、下向きの重力はずっと小さくなるが、水平方向の手ごたえはまったく同じである。そういう意味で、質量mは物体に固有な量で、どこへもっていっても同じであるが、重さmgはそれほど普遍的ではない。重さを言い表すとき、mgニュートンのことをmキログラム重とかm重量キログラムということが多い。なお、物体を流体中に入れると浮力が働くので、真の重さから浮力を引いた残りを見かけの重さとして感じる。

[小出昭一郎]

[参照項目] | 重力

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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