ḥājib (English spelling)

Japanese: ハージブ（英語表記）ḥājib

The name of an official position in Islamic countries. It is an Arabic word meaning chamberlain, and was first used during the Umayyad period. It became an important position during the Abbasid period, when the court system was well established. As a close aide to the caliph, they arranged for audiences with senior vassals and foreign envoys, and wielded great influence. Under the Later Umayyad Caliphate, they had the authority of a prime minister, and under the Mamluk Caliphate, they had administrative jurisdiction.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イスラム諸国における官職名。侍従を意味するアラビア語で，ウマイヤ朝時代が初例。宮廷制度の整ったアッバース朝時代から要職となった。カリフの側近にいて重臣や外国使節の謁見の世話をし，権勢をふるった。後ウマイヤ朝では宰相の権限を有し，マムルーク朝では行政裁判権をもっていた。

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