It is one of the largest languages in Africa, widely spoken in West Africa. It is mainly spoken by the Hausa, an ethnic group in northern Nigeria, with nearly 20 million speakers, and another 8 million who understand it as a common language. In terms of phylogeny, it forms the Chadic branch along with many other smaller languages, and the prevailing theory is that it forms part of the Afro-Asiatic language family along with Hamitic languages such as Arabic. From a phonological standpoint, it has five vowels (although some are long and some are short), a somewhat large number of twenty or so consonants, and is pitch-accented. Nouns are distinguished between singular and plural, and the singular is distinguished between masculine and feminine. Arabic script was once the norm for the writing system, but nowadays the Roman alphabet is usually used. [Yasuhito Yukawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西アフリカで広く話されるアフリカ最大の言語の一つ。話し手の中心はナイジェリア北部の民族集団ハウサで、2000万人近く、そのほかに共通語として解する人口は800万人ともいわれる。系統論的には、多数の群小言語とともにチャド語派を形成し、さらにアラビア語などのハム諸語などとともにアフロ・アジア語族をなす、とする説が有力になっている。音韻面からみると、母音は五つ(ただし長短がある)、子音は二十数個でやや多いほうで、アクセントは高低アクセントである。名詞は単数、複数の区別があり、単数には男性、女性の区別がある。文字は、かつてはアラビア文字が一般的であったが、現在ではローマ字を用いるのが普通である。 [湯川恭敏] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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