Mendele Mocher-Sforim (English spelling) Mendele Mocher Sforim

…In the 19th century, there was an Enlightenment movement within Jewish society that sought to switch to modern German, but in reaction to this, there was a vigorous movement among Eastern European Jews to refine Yiddish, and with the large-scale migration of Jews eastward, the scope of Yiddish's use expanded significantly in Eastern Europe. The foundations of modern Yiddish literature were laid by Mendele Mocher-Sforim (1835-1917), who established the basic patterns of writing as a written language, and it steadily blossomed and developed through the energetic creative efforts of his successors Shalom Aleichem (1859-1916) and Isaac Leib Peretz (1852-1915). In "Fischke the Cripple" (1888) and "The Wanderings of Benjamin III" (1878), Mendele depicted the travels of a man suffering from poverty and a man possessed by dreams, satirizing the idealism and prejudice that persisted in Jewish society, while Shalom Aleichem contributed to the rise of Jewish literature by publishing "The Yiddish People's Library" (1888-89), and in a series of short stories such as "Menachem Mendl" (1892) and "Tevye the Milkman" (1894), he vividly portrayed the lives of ordinary Jewish people living in small villages under Russian oppression in prose filled with humor and pathos, winning him a large readership.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Mendele Mocher-Sforim" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…19世紀，ユダヤ社会内に近代ドイツ語への転換を図る啓蒙運動が起こったが，東欧ユダヤ人の間ではその反動としてイディッシュ語の洗練化運動が旺盛になり，ユダヤ人の大量東方移動もあって，イディッシュの機能範囲は東欧で大幅に広がった。　近代のイディッシュ文学の基礎を築いたのは，記述言語としての基本文型を確立したメンデレ･モヘル･スフォリムMendele Mocher‐Sforim(1835‐1917)であり，続くシャローム･アライヘム(1859‐1916)，イサク･レイブ･ペレツIsaac Leib Peretz(1852‐1915)の精力的な創作活動を通じて着実な開花，発展を見ることになった。メンデレは《不具者フィシュケ》(1888)，《ベンジャミン3世の放浪》(1878)で貧困にあえぐ男や夢想に取り憑かれた男の遍歴譚を描き，ユダヤ社会にわだかまる観念主義や偏見を風刺し，シャローム･アライヘムは《イディッシュ人民文庫》(1888‐89)発行によってユダヤ文学興隆に貢献するとともに，《メナヘム･メンドル》(1892)，《牛乳屋テビエ》(1894)など，連作の諸短編でロシア圧政下の小村落に住むユダヤ庶民の姿をユーモアと哀感のあふれる文章で活写し，多数の読者を獲得した。…

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